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The aim of investigations was the description of changes in the lenses of dogs with senile cataract. The study was conducted on 52 dogs (from a group of 125 cases of cataract) of mixed breed and pedigree, both sexes, aged 8-20 years, originating from the Lublin area. Senile cataract was stated on the base of clinical and ophthalmological examination, dogs with secondary local or systemic infections were excluded. Senile cataracts were most often noted in mixed breed (36 dogs - 61.5% cases) followed by Spaniels, Terriers, German Shepherds and Poodles. Among all cases the disease was more frequently noted in males (32 dogs, 61.5%) rather than bitches (20 dogs, 38.5%). In 36 dogs (69%) the disease had evolved from the nucleus of the lens, but in the remaining animals (31% cases) the cataract had a cortex origin. The course of senile cataract is bilateral, but not equal and not symmetrical. The mature form evolution has a 2 year course, independently of the eye or origin.
Discoloration of the feline iris belongs to the group of anomalies of various etiologies. In diagnosis, nevus pigmentosus, hyperpigmentation, heterochromia iridis and neoplasms have to be considered. Uveal neoplasms include diffuse iris melanoma (DIM) and primary iris and ciliary body melanoma as solid tumors. The paper presents a case of an 11-year-old male Persian cat with histologically diagnosed iris and ciliary body epithelial melanoma. The treatment of choice was enucleation. The morphologically and histologically described melanoma comprised characteristics of both uveal melanoma. The tumor consisted of anaplastic, round, hypopigmented cells with pleomorphic nuclei and prominent nucleoli and balloon-cells with hollow-spheres surrounding nuclei. No spindle-like melanocytes typical for eye primary melanoma were observed. The tumor caused a narrowing filtration angle and secondary glaucoma as well as wide choroid infiltration towards optic nerve papilla and retinal detachment. In the described case no metastasis or local recidivation was discerned.
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The paper discusses a case of an unusually located eyelid dermoid diagnosed in a 4-month-old, female Cane Corso dog. The observed dermoid was black and brown, located in the eyelid conjunctiva of the left lower lid, covered with keratinising epithelium, and only visible once the eyelid was pulled back. The altered conjunctival surface displayed short, thin hairs. At the 1/3 of the central and side conjunctival border, two hairs were found which suggested additional eyelash growth – on examination, the black hair proved to be a distichiasis, while the other, beige, was a hair growing out of the dermoid. The eyelid border over the evaginated area was thinner, which could only be determined once the eyelid was pulled back. The dermoid was surgically removed along with a fragment of the eyelid. Histopathological examinations revealed the presence of regular skin structures. The surface layer comprised stratified epithelium indicative of slight hyperkeratosis. The dermis displayed numerous follicles in various stages of development, accompanied by sebaceous and sweat glands. On the basis of the location and histopathological analysis, the lesion was classified as a dermoid.
The paper presents current problems associated with advanced glaucoma treatment and new trends in therapeutic management. Evaluation of the disease progression with only visual field testing may not be sufficient in such cases. Sensitive indicator of the deterioration is visual acuity reduction, which may also be a parameter used in surgery results estimation. Treatment of advanced glaucoma should concentrate on surgical methods because of more effective IOP control and its fluctuations. After surgery there is a risk of sudden visual loss without visible pathology explaining this deterioration called wipe-out or snuff-out phenomenon. However advanced glaucoma doesn’t aggravate safety of antiglaucoma surgery. Wipe-out phenomenon occurs extremely rare and refers to very advanced glaucoma or cases accompanied with ischemia. Patients after surgery have much more chance of preserving remaining visual field, if central vision isn’t lost during operation, whereas progression in visual field analysis is rare provided that surgery ensures good IOP control.
The findings of the treatment of dogs with senile cataract have been presented in the paper. Crioextraction of the lens was performed on 190 dogs aged 10.6 years (average value). By the tight chamber closing the proper pressure inside the eyeball was restored in 2-3 minutes after the operation. On the 8th day after the surgical procedure the wound was healed, primarily due to the modification of the method of conjunctiva and cornea anastomosis. Between the 4th and 6th week after the surgery, in 60% of dogs under the operation vision capability was determined. In other dogs the improvement was not recorded because of intraoperative retinopathy, glaucoma and other causes. The number of postoperative complications was significantly higher in the group of the oldest animals. On the basis of the results crioextraction is recommended as soon as a complite loss of vision is diagnosed.
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