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1

Adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of pulmonary tissue in the pig

100%
Wojtarowicz A., Podlasz P., Czaja K.
Folia Morphologica
|
2003
|
tom 62
|
nr 3
215-218
Both the adrenergic and the cholinergic components of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) have been found to be an important source of nerve fibres supplying the lungs. On the other hand, data regarding the innervation of the pulmonary tissue in breeding animals are surprisingly scarce. Therefore, in the present study noradrenergic and acetylcholinesterase-positive (AChE-positive) innervation of the lungs of sexually immature pigs was studied using histochemical methods. Studies were performed on six juvenile female pigs (aged 9 weeks, body weight 15–20 kg). Samples of the tissue were collected from the caudal lobe of the right lung. 10µm cryostat sections were processed for the sucrosepotassium phosphate-glyoxylic acid technique to determine the occurrence and distribution of noradrenergic nerve fibres, while AChE-positive nerves were detected according to the acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. The present results revealed a dense network of noradrenergic nerve fibres localised mainly in the muscular membrane surrounding the epithelium of the bronchuli while AChE- -positive nerve terminals supplied functional capillary vessels localised in the inter-alveolar septum and mucous membrane of the bronchi and bronchuli. The results of the present study confirm those of physiological experiments reporting the influence of the adrenergic and cholinergic components of the autonomic nervous system on the lung functions of pigs.
2

Adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the chicken pancreas

100%
Ulas M., Penkowski A., Lakomy M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2003
|
tom 62
|
nr 3
243-246
The distribution, as well as the morphological characteristics of adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibres was studied in the pancreas of the hen and the cock. The presence of numerous adrenergic and moderately numerous cholinergic structures was revealed in the organ. They were seen as nerve fibre bundles or single nerve fibres located in the vicinity of blood vessels and exocrine ducts, as well as the cells of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Single TH- and ChAT-positive nerve cell bodies were also found in the organ under study.
3

Cholinergic innervation of human mesenteric lymphatic vessels

86%
D'Andrea V., Bianchi E., Taurone S., Mignini F., Cavallotti C., Artico M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2013
|
tom 72
|
nr 4
Background: The cholinergic neurotransmission within the human mesenteric lymphatic vessels has been poorly studied. Therefore, our aim is to analyse the cholinergic nerve fibres of lymphatic vessels using the traditional enzymatic techniques of staining, plus the biochemical modifications of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Materials and methods: Specimens obtained from human mesenteric lymphatic vessels were subjected to the following experimental procedures: 1) drawing, cutting and staining of tissues; 2) staining of total nerve fibres; 3) enzymatic staining of cholinergic nerve fibres; 4) homogenisation of tissues; 5) biochemical amount of proteins; 6) biochemical amount of AChE activity; 6) quantitative analysis of images; 7) statistical analysis of data. Results: The mesenteric lymphatic vessels show many AChE positive nerve fibres around their wall with an almost plexiform distribution. The incubation time was performed at 1 h (partial activity) and 6 h (total activity). Moreover, biochemical dosage of the same enzymatic activity confirms the results obtained with morphological methods. Conclusions: The homogenates of the studied tissues contain strong AChE activity. In our study, the lymphatic vessels appeared to contain few cholinergic nerve fibres. Therefore, it is expected that perivascular nerve stimulation stimulates cholinergic nerves innervating the mesenteric arteries to release the neurotransmitter AChE, which activates muscarinic or nicotinic receptors to modulate adrenergic neurotransmission. These results strongly suggest, that perivascular cholinergic nerves have little or no effect on the adrenergic nerve function in mesenteric arteries. The cholinergic nerves innervating mesenteric arteries do not mediate direct vascular responses. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 4: 322–327)
4

The adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the thyroid chicken gland

86%
Baryla J., Greniuk G., Lakomy M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2003
|
tom 62
|
nr 3
247-249
The morphology and distribution of the cholinergic and adrenergic nerve fibres were described in the thyroid gland of the domestic hen. The adrenergic structures were visualised with glyoxylic acid and with immunohistochemical staining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the marker for adrenergic nerve structures. Cholinergic structures were visualised using the Karnovsky and Roots method. It was found that the thyroid gland is supplied with numerous adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibres, which occur as small or large bundles or single nerve fibres. These were located around blood vessels, under the fibrous capsule and in the vicinity of secretory vesicles.
5

Immunohistochemical characterization of choline acetyltransferase-containing nerve fibres supplying the vas deferens in the pig

86%
Kaleczyc J., Klimczuk M., Wasowicz K., Majewski M., Calka J., Schemann M., Lakomy M.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2000
|
tom 03
|
nr 2
Single-, double- and triple-labelling immunohistochemistry were applied to study the distribution and neurochemical properties of cholinergic nerve fibres supplying the vas deferens in juvenile and adult pigs. Cholinergic nerves were identified using an antibody against choline acetyltransferase. Immunoblotting was applied to verify the specificity of choline acetyltransferase immunostaining. Western blotting performed on vas deferens tissue homogenates detected single immunoreactive protein with a molecular weight matching this of acetylcholine transferase (71,5 kDa). The majority of choline acetyltransferase-containing nerves innervating the organ are distributed in the lamina propria and coexpress immunoreactivities of up to 4 other biologically active substances including nitric oxide synthase (a marker of nitrergic structures) and neuropeptides, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y and somatostatin. A comparison of data previously collected with the present results reveals that in the pig, neurochemical characteristics of choline acetyltransferase-containing pelvic neurons and nerve fibres supplying the vas deferens are very similar leading to conclusion that cholinergic innervation of the organ largely derives from pelvic ganglia.
6

The adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the chicken vas deferens

86%
Sadanowicz P., Marczak M., Lakomy M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2004
|
tom 63
|
nr 4
The morphological characteristics of adrenergic and cholinergic innervation are described in the vas deferens of the domestic fowl. Adrenergic innervation was much better developed than the cholinergic. Both types of nerve fibre were found in the muscular membrane, submucosal membrane and in the mucosa. The largest number of adrenergic nerve fibres was observed in the muscular membrane. These were less numerous in the submucosa, mucosa and in the wall of small blood vessels. The largest number of cholinergic nerve fibres was noted under the mucosa. Single cholinergic nerve fibres were seen to penetrate between the epithelial cells.
7

Cholinergic innervation of cystic porcine ovaries

86%
Kozlowska A., Wojtkiewicz J., Majewski M., Jana B.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2008
|
tom 64
|
nr 04B
The aim of the study was to examine the changes in the density of VAChT (marker of acetylcholine present)-, NPY-, VIP-, SOM-, SP- and nNOS-immunoreactive (IR) nerve terminals and co-localization of VAChT with the above-mentioned neurotransmitters after the occurrence of dexamethasone (DXM)-induced ovarian cysts in gilts. DXM administration led to an increase in the density of VAChT/SP-, VAChT/nNOS- and NPY-IR nerve terminals around the cystic walls. In DXM-treated animals an elevated number of VAChT- and SP-IR nerve endings was found close to the tertiary follicles. Moreover, in the gilts receiving DXM the density of NPY-IR nerve endings (that simultaneously co-localized VAChT) was high near the interstitial gland. An increase in the number of VAChT/SP- and VIP-IR nerve fibers around the medullar arteries (A) was observed in cystic ovaries, while the number of VAChT-IR nerve endings near the cortical A was lowered after DXM application. Furthermore, nerve fibers containing VAChT were absent around veins in the whole ovary of DXM-treated animals. After DXM injections, an increase in the number of VAChT/SP- and VAChT/nNOS-IR nerve endings in the cortical, as well as VIP- and nNOS-IR (co-existing with VAChT), nerve terminals in the medullar part of the autonomic ground plexus (GP) was present. However, the administration of DXM led to a drop in the density of SOM-positive nerve endings (also VAChT-IR) in the medullar subdivision of the GP. The present study shows that in the porcine ovaries with DXM induced cysts the pattern of cholinergic innervation, as well as the co-localization of VAChT and NPY, VIP, SOM, SP or nNOS, were changed. Data obtained also suggest that acetylcholine and the above-mentioned neurotransmitters effecting the functioning (steroidogenic activity, blood flow) of the polycystic ovaries may have a significant influence on the course of this pathological status.
8

Cholinergic and adrenergic innervation of the pancreas in chinchilla (Chinchilla Laniger Molina)

72%
Radzimirska M., Kuchinka J., Nowak E., Trybus W., Szczurkowski A.
Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica
|
2020
|
tom 58
|
nr 1
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