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The effectiveness of different blanching solutions upon French fries quality features was studied. Three Lithuanian bread potato cultivars Mirta, Vokë and Nida, cultivated in the experimental station of Vokë Branch (Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture) in 2001-2003 were chosen for the investigation. Chemical composition of potato tubers was determined in fresh mass by standard methods. Potato strips were blanched in the following solutions: 2% ascorbic acid in 60°C, 2% ascorbic acid in 20°C, 2% starch solution in 60°C, 2% NaCl solution in 60°C. The strips of potato were fried in the temperature of 180°C for 5-7 minutes in the edible oil. After 15 minutes the sensory evaluation of colour, texture, surface crispness, oiliness and the taste was carried on according to 5-point scale. The sensory properties of French fries depended on the type of blanching solution used as well as on the potato cultivar. French fries, made from potatoes of cv. Nida, were of the lightest and most attractive colour. Blanching in 2% starch solution darkened French fries colour and made their consistence and surface crispness worse but lowered their oiliness. The solutions of ascorbic acid, particularly used at the high temperature improved the surface crispness of French fries. Blanching of potato strips in 2% NaCl solution was profitable in regard to the consistence of French fries and surface crispness, particularly when cv. Mirta potatoes were used. However, the obtained products were characterized by too high oiliness. French fries made from tubers of cv. Vokë potatoes were of the best taste.
We have recently developed a transformation method for representation of different relaxation processes data (DMTA, DETA and 1H-NMR) as a function of free energy of activation in freeze-dried wheat starch gel. In our previous paper [12] the method of transformation was applied for freeze-dried wheat starch gel of density of 0.13 g/cm3, while in this paper we present results of a similar analysis of relaxation parameters measured in a wide temperature range in dehydrated wheat starch gel of a twice lower density. In the system studied, we observed a decreasing value of the complex rigidity modulus, due to much lower degree of crosslinking. Similar courses of dispersion profile obtained with 1H-NMR relaxation method and DMTA method, at temperature ranging from 100 to 380 K, point to a correlation between the nuclear and mechanical relaxation processes, confirming the results of our previous work, which are related to the dynamics of hydroxymethylene groups in freeze-dried starch gel.
The presence of highly toxic acrylamide in food products such as fried potatoes and chips was confirmed by Swedish scientists from the Stockholm University. Neurotoxicity of this compound and its metabolites imposes a duty to control it by qualitative and quantitative assays. Recent findings showed that acrylamide is formed in heat-treated foods rich in asparagine and reducing sugars such as glucose. Exposing acrylamide to pH extremes results in its hydrolysis to acrylic acid and ammonia. The main objective of the work presented is the development of a new electrochemical sensor for the determination of acrylic acid in the presence of asparagine and acrylamide. We report on an intramolecular ion-channel sensor using self-assembled monolayers deposited onto gold electrodes. Macrocyclic polyamine molecules with long alkyl chains were adsorbed into the monolayer of 1-dodecanethiol on the gold surface. The signal generated due to the formation of a supramolecular complex between host and acrylic acid guest at the electrode interface was measured by Osteryoung square wave voltammetry (OSWV) with [Ru(NH3)6]3+ as an electroactive marker.
The level of reducing sugars in tubers and the colour of fried potato products after tubers’ storage at 8°C and differentiated CO₂ concentration (1,3, 5%), were examined. The following cultivars were examined: Asterix, Saturna, Tokaj and Monsun. The content of reducing sugars in tubers of tested potato cultivars - after storage in the atmosphere of risen CO₂ concentrations (1, 3, 5%) - was lower than 0.15%. The highest content of reducing sugars was found in tubers stored in atmosphere of 5% CO₂ concentration. The colour of fried products was acceptable for all potato cultivars stored under all CO₂ concentrations, however the potatoes stored at 5% CO₂ concentration showed slightly darker colour than the other. Longer storage period caused worse colour of chips and french fries, specialy from tubers stored under atmosphere with high CO₂ concentration (5%).
Przeprowadzono badania wartości odżywczej frytek, hot dogów i wyrobów typu hamburgera serwowanych w restauracji McDonald's oraz w ulicznych punktach sprzedaży. Badane produkty zawierały średnio ok. 14% białka, 14-38% węglowodanów i ok. 20% tłuszczu, co decydowało o ich zbyt wysokiej w stosunku do masy wartości energetycznej.
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