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The main objective of the SAFEFOODNET (Chemical Food Safety Network for the enlarging Europe) project was to harmonize and integrate activities in the field of chemical food safety in the participating countries. Gathered information concerning dietary surveys and food chemical contaminants, participating countries provided in the form of country profiles. This paper presents data concerning situation in Poland in the range of conducted dietary surveys and chemical contaminants.
Currant ranks second place in the world production of berries after strawberries. Currants are important primarily due to the content of vitamins, mineral salts, organic compounds and many micronutrients. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of pesticide residues in the currants analyzed in the Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis in Rzeszow in 2009–2013. A total of 143 samples were tested using the gas chromatography technique (GC/ECD/NPD – gas chromatography with electron capture and nitrogen phosphorus detection) and spectrophotometric method for the determination of dithiocarbamates. The control programme included the detection of 130 active substances in 2009, 137 in 2010, 152 in 2011, 166 in 2012 and 187 active substances in 2013. The results were compared with the maximum residue limits (MRLs). 43% of samples tested contained pesticide residues, and exceeding of MRLs values was stated in 10 samples. The identified residues which exceeded MRLs were chlorpyrifos-methyl, cypermethrin, endosulfan, fenazaquin, flusilazole and procymidone. The fungicides were the most frequently detected in the all analysed samples. The most frequently detected substances were: dithiocarbamates (30 samples), cypermethrin (14 samples) and difenoconazole (12 samples).
The aim of the studies was to evaluate the herbicidal contaminations in sugar beet roots. Monitoring tests were carried out during 2010–2012 on sugar beet plantation located in South-Western Poland. The samples of sugar beet roots were collected at harvest time. The determination of fenmedipham, desmedipham, ethofumesate, metamitrom, chloridazon and lenacil residues were conducted using the high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV – high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet). Monitoring studies showed that 56% of tested root samples did not contain detectable residues of tested herbicides. The residues of herbicide determined in 44% of samples ranged from 0.0004 to 0.0096 mg/kg. The concentration of residues detected in tested root samples did not exceed the maximum residue levels (MRLs).
In 2013, in Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis of Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Regional Experimental Station in Rzeszow, a total of 297 crop samples collected from the south-eastern part of Poland were analysed for the presence of pesticide residues. Pesticide residues were detected in 83 (27.9%) analysed samples. Violations of Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) were found in 2 samples (0.7%). The analyses revealed the substances not recommended for a given crop in 17 samples and the banned substance in Poland in 2 samples. The pesticide residues were found most often in the following crops: gooseberry (83.3% of the gooseberry samples), strawberry (71.4%) and apple (55.6%). The following fungicide residues were detected the most: pyrimethanil (7.4% samples), boscalid (6.7%) and cyprodinil (6.7%). The detected insecticide residues were mostly related to pirimicarb (1.7%) and cypermethrin (1.0%). The residues of herbicides were found in one sample (linuron in celeriac).
W pracy określono wpływ obecności i stężenia jonów Pb (II) i Cd (II) oraz stężenia substratu na aktywność pepsyny i trypsyny w warunkach in vitro. Stwierdzono znaczący wzrost aktywności pepsyny ze wzrostem stężenia jonów tych metali w układzie reakcyjnym, natomiast duży nadmiar substratu w stosunku do enzymu obniżał aktywność obu enzymów.
W mięsie drobiu i jego przetworach oznaczano zawartość azotanów(III) i azotanów(V) metodą Griessa-Ilosvay'a. Suma azotanów(V) i azotanów(III) w przeliczeniu na NaNO2 nie przekraczała poziomu 125 mg NaNO2 i wahała się w granicach od 55,71 mg NaNO2/kg w szynce drobiowej do 67,29 mg NaNO2/kg w polędwicy z indyka.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of pyrimidine fungicide residues in fruits and vegetables in 2012–2013. Validated analytical methods based on liquid / liquid extraction coupled with gas chromatography with electron capture and nitrogen phosphorus detection (GC-ECD/NPD – gas chromatography with electron capture and nitrogen phosphorus detection) were used for analysis. The total of 704 samples of fruits and vegetables were tested for the presence of pesticide residues, 49 of all samples had residues of pyrimidine fungicides. Cyprodinil and pyrimethanil were the most commonly found residues. In the analysed samples two cases of irregularity associated with the use of preparations of pyrimidine were found, the first was related with the use of nonrecommended plant protection product, the second was related with exceeding the maximum residue levels.
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