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Among seed-transmitted cereal viruses the most important is Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV), infecting barley. Investigations on the occurrence of BSMV in Poland have been carried out in the Institute of Plant Protection in Poznań since 2000. The studies aimed at the evaluation of the BSMV distribution in plant material, the rate of its seed transmission in different barley cultivars and the assessment of the effect of barley infection on the yield. The potential risk of BSMV occurrence for barley crops was discussed. The rate of infection by two seed-transmitted viruses, Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), in Poland was investigated in view of the risk assessment.
The effect of the four consecutive crop years including precipitation on the selected biological activities in the three cereal grains genus each two varieties Lama and Puma-wheat, Motto and Amilo-rye, Presto and Vero-triticale was the aim of this study. In the analysed cereals total protein content, extractable protein content, amylolytic activity and antiamylolytic and antitryptic activity against enzymes from mammalian and insect origin were estimated. Precipitation statistically significantly affected only endogenous amylolytic activity and inhibitory activities against hog pancreas α-amylase of studied cereals. The analysis of variance has shown statistically significant influence of variety, genus, and the year of harvest as well as interaction between them on the inhibitory activities against S. granarius and T. confusum α-amylase and antitryptic activity of cereal seeds studied. However, precipitation did not statistically significantly affect inhibitor activities against all the studied α-amylase insects
Changes in the numbers of Azospirillum bacteria were studied in soil under winter wheat, oat and maize crops. The cereal seeds were treated with fungicides and inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense actively fixing dinitrogen. Plants were grown without nitrogen fertiliser and with nitrogen application in the amount of 60 and 120 kg N ha-1 for wheat, 50 and 100 kg N ha-1 for oats and 100 and 200 kg N ha-1 for maize. The population number of bacteria was estimated at different developmental stages of plants. Inoculation of cereals with Azospirillum brasilense bacteria contributed to the increase of their numbers in soil. No significant influence of fungicidal seed dressings on the numbers of Azospirillum bacteria has been noted. The application of mineral nitrogen to the crops was favourable to multiplication of Azospirillum bacteria under plants.
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