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Protocadherins (Pcdhs) are a family of cadherins considered to play an important role in the cell-cell adhesion of specific neurons in the central nervous system. Of the reported Pcdhs, relatively little is known about the functional role of protocadherin 7 (Pcdh7), and there is no evidence of Pcdh7 mediated cell-cell adhesion. To date, three splicing variants are known; they may have different effects on cell phenotype. We report here that mouse fibroblast L cells stably overexpressing the Pcdh7 isoforms 7a and 7b, but not 7c, showed a morphological change and Ca2+ dependent cell adhesion.
Culture of Papaver somniferum in vitro was used for a characterisation of cell surface structures and mode of cell adhesion and cell separation during cell differentiation and plant regeneration in somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis. In early stages of somatic embryogenesis, cell type-specific and developmentally regulated change of cell morphogenesis was demonstrated. Cell wall of separated embryonic cells were self-covered with external tubular network, whereas morphogenetic co-ordination of adhered cells of somatic proembryos was supported by fine and fibrillar external cell wall continuum of peripheral cells, interconnecting also local sites of cell separation. Such type of cell contacts disappeared during histogenesis, when the protodermis formation took place. Tight cell adhesion of activated cells with polar cell wall thickening, and production of extent mucilage on the periphery were the crucial aspects of meristemoids. Fine amorphous layer covered developing shoot primordia, but we have not observed such comparable external fibrillar network. On the contrary intercellular separation of differentiated cells in regenerated organs, and accepting distinct developmental system of somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis, cell adhesion in early stages and ultrastructural changes associated with tissue disorganisation, and the subsequent reorganisation into either embryos or shoots appear to be regulatory morphogenetical events of plant regeneration in vitro.
Expression as well as properties of integrins are altered upon transformation. Cell adhesion regulated by integrins is modulated by glycosylation, one of the most frequent biochemical alteration associated with tumorogenesis. Characterisation of carbohydrate moieties of alpha3beta1 integrin on the cultured human bladder carcinoma (T-24, Hu456, HCV 29T) and human normal ureter and bladder epithelium (HCV 29, Hu609) cell lines was carried out after an electrophoresis and blotting, followed by immunochemical identification of alpha3 and beta1 integrin chains and analysis of their carbohydrates moieties using highly specific digoxigenin-labelled lectins. In all the studied cell lines alpha3beta1 integrin was glycosylated although in general each subunit differently. Basic structures recognized in beta1 subunit were tri- or tetraantennary complex type glycans in some cases sialylated (T-24, HCV 29, HCV 29T) and fucosylated (Hu609, HCV 29T). Positive reaction with Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin and Datura stramonium agglutinin suggesting the presence of beta1-6 branched N-linked oligosaccharides was found in cancerous cell lines (T-24, Hu456) as well as in normal bladder epithelium cells (Hu609). High mannose type glycan was found only in beta1 subunit from Hu456 transitional cell cancer line. On the other hand alpha3 subunit was much less glycosylated except the invasive cancer cell line T-24 where high mannose as well as sialylated tri- or tetraantennary complex type glycans were detected. This observation suggests that changes in glycosylation profile attributed to invasive phenotype are rather associated with alpha3 not beta1 subunit.
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