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Characterizing maize genotypes for salt tolerance using morphological and ionic traits at seedling stage

100%
Hussain S. S., Rasheed M., Ahmed Z. I., Jilani G.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2023
Maize crop is the third most important cereal crop, mostly grown for food, feed and fodder purpose. In spite of the fact the crop is susceptible to salt stress but exhibits a considerable genotypic variability for salt tolerance. The present study was carried out to determine to which extent the maize genotypes with contrasting morphological traits respond to salt stress. Seven days old seedlings of thirty maize genotypes were exposed to NaCl stress of EC less than 4 (control), equal to 8 and 12 dS m-1 for further 28 days in a temperature controlled greenhouse. The salt stress imposition was completed in two increments every other day from the date of planting. At the age of 35 days, the seedlings were evaluated for contrasting morphological traits. The genotypes exhibited considerable variations for each of the 10 measured morphological and ionic traits. PCA was employed to identify the most suitable morphological trait to be used as selection criterion for salt tolerance. Based on the PCA results, dry shoot weight (DSW) was used to classify thirty maize genotypes into salt-tolerant-T, moderately tolerant-MT and salt sensitive-S groups. Two (2) out of thirty genotypes i.e. SB-9617 and FH-949 had the highest average of percent dry shoot weight (PDSW) values > 70% were classified as salt tolerant (T). The fifteen (15) genotypes showed average of PDSW values in the range of 55-69.9 % were classified as moderately tolerant (MT) by indicating the sequence order of salt tolerance as YH-1898 > MMRI-yellow > S-2002 > FH-988 > FH-1292 > HC-12 > MS-2018 > NCEV-1270-7 > Pahari > Pearl White > FH-1114 > NCEV-1270-3 > Iqbal > NCEV-1297 > DK-6724. However, thirteen (13) out of total thirty (30) genotypes attained the average PDSW values <55% were classified as salt sensitive (S) following the sequence order as NCEV-1530-9 > Composite > FRI-22 > Azam > MS-2015 > P-1543 > Neelum > Afgoi > Malka-2016 > MS-1501 > HNG > NCEV-1270-5 > NCEV-7004. It was also noticed that the declared salt tolerance was positively correlated with dry shoot weight (DSW), shoot length (SL), stem diameter (SD), fresh shoot weight (FSW), fresh root weight (FRW), dry roots weight (DRW), root length (RL), leaf area per plant (LA), number of leaves per plant (NL) and K+/Na+ ratio. The highest positive Pearson correlation coefficients were determined in LA vs SD (r=0.900), DSW vs SD (r=0.899), SL vs DSW (r=0.891), SL vs FSW (r=0.890) and DSW vs FSW (r=0.887). Additionally, the salt tolerant (T) group of genotypes maintained higher K+/Na+ ratios compared to moderately tolerant (MT) and salt sensitive (S) groups. The results clearly showed that dry shoot weight (DSW) could be viable option to classify maize genotypes into different salt tolerance groups and to identify the most suited and best adapted salt tolerant genotype for cultivation in saline soils. Furthermore, this scientific information could help the plant scientists to improve and develop the new salt tolerant cultivar.
2
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Types of risk in banking operations - categorization and definitions

75%
Adamowicz T.
Economic and Regional Studies
|
2018
|
tom 11
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nr 4
Subject and purpose of work: The article deals with the issue of risk mainly in banking activity. Different definitions of risk were reviewed as tools for risk management in banks and for regulatory activities by institutions. Materials and methods: The research material was taken from the subject literature and official documents of financial market institutions - international organizations, as well as foreign and domestic financial institutions. They were mainly legal acts, standards and guidelines/recommendations. Particular attention was paid to documents published by banking supervision authorities. Results: As a result of the study, the multiplicity of concepts and approaches were found to define and identify banking risks as the categorizations presented by regulators seemed to be a standard to apply in risk management practices. Conclusions: Among the risk categorization used by banks, the leading ones have been presented by supervisory authorities. Defining the types of risk in operations should be the first stage of the internal risk management process which is necessary for banks’ survival. Ensuring high quality of the implementation of the first stage determines the efficiency and effectiveness of the entire process. The decisive requirements set by European and national regulators with regard to banks’ application of risk categorization as part of the risk management system contributed to mitigating the phenomena related to the global financial crisis among banks in Europe.
3

Kategoryzacja w agroturystyce

63%
Gdula K.
Biuletyn Informacyjno-Handlowy. Ośrodek Doradztwa Rolniczego Boguchwała
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2000
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nr 02
2-3
4

Identyfikacja i kategoryzacja roślin obcego pochodzenia jako podstawa działań praktycznych

38%
Tokarska-Guzik B., Dajdok Z., Zajac M., Urbisz A., Danielewicz W.
Acta Botanica Silesiaca
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2011
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tom 06
Among many threats to global biodiversity, invasion by alien species are perceived as very important. Activities aimed at counteracting this process should be preceded by updating the list of alien species and choosing appropriate terminology and classifications. In the paper, terminology still used by Polish authors is compared with that used in current English-language publications. Some examples are given to support the thesis that particular alien species should be periodically reviewed with respect to distinguished groups of synanthropic plants. The need for review can be supported by many examples of species classified only two decades ago as ephemeral and currently belonging to established elements of the local floras of some regions. Introduction of the EU Strategy on Invasive Alien Species will require compiling different lists of alien plants according to their impact on the environment, the economy or health. Papers published recently in Poland will help elaborate so-called white, black and gray lists of alien plants, but some activities aimed at implementing monitoring of invasive species should be undertaken, as should the elaboration of legal solutions.
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