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Water evaporation and changes in texture and colour caused by biophysical proc­esses are important in fruit storage. Using various modified atmospheres, fruits of apple cultivars 'Staris', 'Auksis', 'Cortland' and 'Spartan' were stored at +1± 1 °C and relative humidity of 90-95%. The fruits were tested in the Biochemistry and Technology laboratory of the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry. Fruit texture and the colour parameters: L*, a*, b*, h° and C were measured before and after 8 months of storage. Soluble solids, respiration rate, sugar content and the amount of ascorbic acid were determined with standard meth­ods. It was found that skin firmness of 'Spartan' apples was the highest (355.4 N/cm2). 'Auksis' apples had the softest skin (215.8 N/cm2). Fruit firmness changed slightly when the carbon dioxide concentration in the modified atmosphere was increased. The same tendency was found for flesh firmness at 2% and 4% of carbon dioxide. The amounts of soluble solids and sugars in fruits at 4% CO2 were stable. The obtained results showed that ascorbic acid losses in the modified atmos­pheres with 2% and 4% CO2 were respectively 18% and 10.5%. Fruit colour proper­ties were more affected in terms of the colour coordinates a* and b*.
Ozone-sensitive and -resistant tobacco plants and an ozone-sensitive bean were employed in this experiment. Plants were exposed at two different sites varying in ozone level, within Poznań city and in a remote forestry area. Net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs ) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci ) were measured every 7th day until the 28th day of the experiment. The ozone concentrations were higher at the forest site (called here the high ozone site) than in the city (low ozone site). Mean hour ozone concentrations at forest site varied between 34.2–45.5 ppb and 30.2–39.2 ppb, while cumulative ozone concentrations (AOT 40) were 2032 ppb h⁻¹ and 611, respectively. The aim of the study was to compare the results of exposed ozone-sensitive and resistant test plants according to the potential effect of tropospheric ozone on natural vegetation. The experiment revealed the variability between exposure sites and plant species, as well as changes of photosynthetic parameters during the whole experimental season. Common bean assimilation parameters revealed the best correlation with the tropospheric ozone level. Tobacco test plants – ozone-sensitive and -resistant – varied in response to stress factors. There were no statistical differences between exposure sites and plant response. However, both ozone-sensitive and -resistant tobacco plants revealed lower levels of PN at the low ozone site, while ozone-sensitive bean revealed the opposite relation. Moreover, plants revealed gas exchange relations which were not previously observed in fumigation experiments (such as small differences in Ci levels of tobacco plant in the first three weeks). This might be a result of relatively low levels of tropospheric ozone during the experimental period. Hence, it is suggested to continue ambient air investigations to confirm or reject the results of this experiment.
The level of reducing sugars in tubers and the colour of fried potato products after tubers’ storage at 8°C and differentiated CO₂ concentration (1,3, 5%), were examined. The following cultivars were examined: Asterix, Saturna, Tokaj and Monsun. The content of reducing sugars in tubers of tested potato cultivars - after storage in the atmosphere of risen CO₂ concentrations (1, 3, 5%) - was lower than 0.15%. The highest content of reducing sugars was found in tubers stored in atmosphere of 5% CO₂ concentration. The colour of fried products was acceptable for all potato cultivars stored under all CO₂ concentrations, however the potatoes stored at 5% CO₂ concentration showed slightly darker colour than the other. Longer storage period caused worse colour of chips and french fries, specialy from tubers stored under atmosphere with high CO₂ concentration (5%).
Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) are two most potent greenhouse gases and are major source of climate change. Human activities particularly fossil fuels burning have caused considerable increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. CO2 contributes 60% of anthropogenic greenhouse effect whereas CH4 contributes 15%. Ice core records also show that the concentrations of Carbon dioxide and methane have increased substantially. The emission of these gases alters the Earth’s energy budget and are drivers of climate change. In the present study, atmospheric concentration of CO2 and CH4 over Pakistan is measured using Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). Time series and time averaged maps are prepared to measure the concentrations of CO2 and CH4. The results show considerable increase in concentration of Carbon dioxide and methane. The substantial increase in these concentrations can affect human health, earth radiative balance and can damage crops.
Doświadczenie miało na celu ocenę zawartości cukrów redukujących w bulwach oraz barwę czipsów i frytek usmażonych z ziemniaków przechowywanych w atmosferze o zróżnicowanym stężeniu CO₂(0,1%; 1%; 3% i 5%) i w temperaturze 8°C. Badano odmiany: Asterix, Saturna, Tokaj i Monsun. Zawartość cukrów redukujących w ziemniakach badanych odmian po przechowywaniu w atmosferze o podwyższonym stężeniu CO₂ przekraczała 0,25%. Najwięcej cukrów redukujących miały ziemniaki przechowywane w atmosferze o stężeniu 5% CO₂. Ciemniejszą barwę czipsów i frytek uzyskano z ziemniaków przechowywanych w atmosferze o podwyższonym stężeniu CO₂. W miarę wydłużania okresu przechowywania ziemniaków barwa frytek z nich usmażonych pogarszała się, najbardziej z bulw przechowywanych w atmosferze o wysokim stężeniu CO₂ (5%).
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