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Research has shown that among pesticides, carbaryl is one of the strongest immunosuppressors for numerous animal species. In this paper, the effect of carbaryl on biochemical parameters and on specific and non-specific immunity in carbaryl-intoxicated birds was determined. The results indicate a significant immunosuppressive effect in turkeys, on almost all the investigated biochemical parameters and on the indices of specific and non-specific immunity. The only exception is a slightly elevated level of total protein and reactivity of T lymphocytes to non-specific mitogen in the group of intoxicated birds.
Carbaryl, propoksur, and thiuram were administered for 14 days, by a stomach tube, at dosing level corresponding to 5% LD50 , to male Wistar rats four weeks old and fed a diet enriched with vitamin B6 (200 µg/day). Active and passive leucine transport in rat intestine was studies using liquid scintillation method according to Patrick and Papworth, modified by the authors. No disorder of leucine transport was observed in animals exposed to carbaryl and propoksur, and fed a diet enriched with vitamin B6. No disturbances were also noted in subject exposed to thiuram, except that Jm constans was increased by about 170% when compared with the control, and the affinity was decreased (rise of Kt constant by 320%). However, it seems that the diet enriched with vitamin B6, may protect amino acids homeostasis in animals exposed to some xenobiotics.
W badaniu jednorazowym i wielokrotnym wykazano zmiany w transporcie i kumulacji fosforu w jelicie oraz w jego wydalaniu z moczem w wyniku narażenia na karbaryl, propoksur i tiuram.
We frakcji cytoplazmatycznej homogenatu wątroby szczura przebadano aktywność amino transferaz, katalizujących reakcje między alfa-ketoglutaranem i sześcioma aminokwasami - donorami grupy aminowej, po jednorazowym zatruciu karbarylem w dawce 1/2 LD50. Stwierdzono istotne zmiany aktywności enzymów transaminujących reakcje z udziałem asparaginy i fenyloalaniny.
Alimentary rations under test were found to be rich in fat. Fat energy proportional portion exceeded, as a rule, the recommended value by about 30%. At the same time, acidic composition of fat under test was wide of the optimal one. Predominant group was saturated and monounsaturated acids (occurring in similar amounts), however, polyunsaturated acids content amounted to about 11 % of total fatty acids sum. Energy proportional portion from essential fatty acids, in a whole day's rations, was found to be higher than necessary minimum (3%); on the other hand, it did not cover the recommended standard for subjects advanced in years (4%). Value P:S was noted to correspond with an average european diet. Portion of acids with proaggregative properties was higher than hypercholesteremic acids content.
NAA, carbaryl and ethephon were applied separately or in mixture or additionaly with SADH on the Golden Delicious trees, in five experiments, with the aim of regulating fruiting and increase fruit size. The best results were obtained after treatment with carbaryl at conc. 2500-3000 ing/L separately or with the mixture of carbaryl and NAA at conc. 1500 and 40 mg/L, respectively. These chemicals in general caused succesful thinning and increased fruit size. The lower yield was recompensed by higher quality of apples. The results after treatments with carbaryl in mixture with NAA were comparable to those after hand thinning. NAA increased of apple size effectively also, but only at conc. 40 mg/L or higher. However at conc. higher than 40 mg/L the chemical caused injuries of the leaves and youngest shoots. NAA applied separately was less effective than in the mixture with carbaryl. Ethephon at conc. 400 mg/L, applied 14 days after blooming, caused succesful thinning in general and increased fruit size but to a smaller degree than the other chemicals. However ethephon applied in mixture with NAA increased size similarly as hand thinning. In subsequent year the trees sprayed with the mixture of ethephon and NAA yielded abundantly and the apples were smaller than control onces, consequently. Ethephon applied jointly with carbaryl didn't increase the fruit size in spite of the reduction their number. The mixture of ethephon and SADH caused succesful thinning and increased the fruit size in the year of thinning. But in subsequent year the apples were smaller than in control as a consequence of higher yield.
Badano wpływ wielokrotnego narażenia na karbaryl (4 tyg.) w dawce 5% LDS0 na transport wapnia i fosforu w jelicie oraz stężenie tych pierwiastków w surowicy i kości udowej szczurów karmionych dietami o różnej zawartości białka (7,5%, 10,3%, 22,7% - dieta standardowa i 30,6%).
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