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The attractiveness of uncultivated (weedy) and cultivated strips (planted with a mixture of flowering plants) and the adjacent sugar beet crop to Carabidae was studied in 1999–2000 at the Experimental Research Station near Wrocław, Poland. Obtained results showed that greater plant abundance and their diversity on weedy strips had a positive effect on the number of carabid beetles. Also more carabid species were identified in uncultivated strips than in strips of mixture of Phacelia tanacetifolia, Coriandrum sativum and Sinapis alba. The lowest number of species was trapped in sugarbeet crop and bare soil. The most numerous species in all treatments were Pseudoophonus rufipes, Anchomenus dorsalis (Pont.), Poecilus cupres and the species of the Bembidion genera.
The informative power of species surrogacy with respect to ecological processes and anthropogenic influences has been rarely studied. Thus, five datasets on carabid beetles collected using pitfall traps were analysed in order to study the impact of changing the taxonomic resolution from species to genus level on their indicatory information: a dataset of eight study sites in differently managed habitats sampled in 2013, a dataset tracing successional changes from 2004 to 2013 in a naturally regenerated pine forest, a dataset of three sites on a heap of power plant ashes and a dataset of four sites on a colliery spoil heap, both sampled from 2004 to 2011, and a dataset of six sites along the roadside of a highway being renovated in 2009, sampled in 2008 and from 2010 to 2012. The datasets were analysed by studying correlations of species numbers with genus numbers and species based Shannon diversity with genus based Shannon diversity, testing compliance between species based and genera based similarity matrices, and comparing the information provided by ordination diagrams based on species information or genus information respectively. The results indicate that at least in our study a substantial amount of information provided by species data is still contained in the genus data, but information about fine graded differences between study sites gets lost. We conclude that, even if carabid genus information might be useful in some cases (e.g. preliminary biodiversity assessment), the limitation to higher taxonomic levels like the genus level has to be done with caution.
The impact of wooded shelterbelts on the patrolling intensity (number of patrolling individuals per trap, per day (NP) – activity density) of spiders and ground beetles was investigated by using pitfall traps placed in parallel rows in shelterbelt centers, along margins of wood and field, and in open wheat fields at a distance of 10 and 50 m from trees. In the shelterbelt – managed areas the biomass of patrolling (BP) arthropods (ground beetles and spiders) was lower inside the fields (F₁₀, F₅₀) than at the field margins and in the shelterbelts. The BP and individual weight increased with the age of strips. However, in the control field with no wood in the vicinity, the BP of carabid beetles was as high as inside the shelterbelts. The highest similarity between the shelterbelts and the field (BP, Morisita’s similarity index, diversity index H’, individual weight) was found in the field adjoining the youngest (aged 2 years) shelterbelt. It is concluded that similarity between permanent and cultivated ecosystems is important for successful exchange of individuals between them. In the field adjacent to young shelterbelt and in the field with no woods in the vicinity the aeronautic, agrobiont species prevail. In the fields adjacent to older shelterbelts colonization by large body-size species, characteristic for permanent ecosystems was found.
The present study consisted of an evaluation of assemblages of epigeic carabid beetles (Col. Carabidae) colonizing hydrogenic soils (bog and post-bog ones), different in the soil development degree. The observations were conducted on a drained, low bog area called Stary Dwór, which today is used as a cut meadow. This is an oblong depression, filled in with (partly mucky) rush peats and situated in the sandur landscape. It lies in the mesoregion called Pojezierze Olsztyńskie (Olsztyn Lake District) near Olsztyn (UTM DE 65), about 3 km of the southern borders of the town. The field observations for determination of the soil type were conducted using soil catenas. A transect was established, which cut across different types and sub-types of bog and post-bog soils. In this paper, the authors have attempted to answer the question whether the sequence of hydrogenic soils and some parameters chosen to describe them have any influence on assemblages of epigeic carabid beetles dwelling in such habitats. Based on the results, it has been concluded that the soils present in the analyzed peat bog were characterized by the following sequence: muckous soils → peat-muck soils → peat soils. Their properties depended on the position in the soil relief, advancement of muck formation and content of organic carbon. It has been found out that the highest soil ash content in the surface horizons was in muckous soil (90.39%), and the lowest – in profile 3 of peat-muck soil (18.77%). The reaction of the analyzed soils ranged from slightly acidic to neutral and tended to decrease towards the centre of the depression, reaching the lowest value in peat soil. During the two years of our observations, a total of 673 individuals of Carabidae belonging to 29 species were captured. It has been determined that the type of soil as a factor significantly affected the number of captured carabid beetles, but did not influence the species abundance. The decreasing pH gradient as well as an increasing content of organic C were associated with a decreasing number of the species of carabid beeetles tolerant to moisture conditions (mesophilous species), which were being replaced by hygrophilous individuals. As the acidic reaction of soil increased and the soil content of organic matter rose, so did the abundance of mixophagous species at the expense of predatory individuals.
New records of ten species of carabid beetles either rare or of restricted range in Poland are presented.
The structure of carabid assemblages was studied in the Holy Cross Mountains, in stands of Luzulo pilosae-Fagetum lowland acidic beech forest (LAB), Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum fertile Carpathian beech forest (FCB), and Dentario enneaphylli-Fagetum fertile Sudeten beech forest (FSB) in 2002. Carabid beetles were collected using Barber's pitfall traps with ethylene glycol in monthly cycles from May to September. A total of 4260 individuals representing 28 species were caught. The highest similarity was calculated for the LAB and FCB assemblages (P=0.54), while the FCB and FSB assemblages were the least similar (P=0.39). The highest diversity was recorded in the FSB assemblage (H'=2.06), and the lowest in the assemblage of acidic lowland beech stands (LAB) (H'=1.45). The dominant species were Carabus violaceus in the LAB sites, Carabus glabratus in the FCB sites, and Carabus hortensis in the FSB sites. The most uniform distribution of individuals between species was seen in the FSB assemblage (0.76) and in the FCB assemblage (0.74), while the LAB assemblage was highly non-uniform in this respect (0.53) Trapability was lowest in LAB (0.36) and highest is FSB (0.55). The prevailing zoogeographical elements were Palaearctic species in LAB, European Forest Province montane species in FCB, and European Forest Province species in FSB. The LAB and FCB assemblages were most active in the spring (Fig. 4) and the FSB assemblage reached peak activity in the summer (July). The dominant species types were forest species (habitat preferences), large zoophages (feeding preferences), mesohygrophiles (humidity preferences), and spring breeders (developmental type).
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