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Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101 (pTd33) strain carrying uidA (GUS) reporter gene was used in model experiments on roseroot callus transformation. The T-DNA of pTd33 binary vector plasmid harbors nptII gene conferring resistance to kanamycin, and a uidA reporter gene, encodes the ß-glucuronidase enzyme. Roseroot seeds were sterilized and germinated on half strength MS media of which 70% germinated without any pretreatment. Calli were obtained from leaf segments of the in vitro grown seedlings. Calli was grown on solid MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l⁻¹ NAA and 0.5 mg l⁻¹ BAP. Different types of calli were obtained of which the green and compact type was chosen for transformation experiments. After co-cultivation with agrobacteria, calli were transferred to the same medium supplemented with 20 mg l⁻¹ kanamycin, 200 mg l⁻¹ carbenicillin and 300 mg l⁻¹ claforan with antioxidants (Polyclar and DTE) for selection. GUS test using a titron buffer was applied for monitoring the transformation of the calli. DNAs of 20 individual samples was extracted and subjected for PCR analysis proved the stable transformation in all of the taken samples by amplifying the nptII gene fragment. The method introduced here can be a tool for inserting and over-expressing the genes encoding for hypothesized enzymes to be involved in the biosynthesis of pharmaceutically important bioactive molecules of roseroot and therefore facilitating the applications for callus culture of roseroot in different bioreactor systems for pharmaceutical productions.
Badano wpływ na wzrost komórek i wytwarzanie flawonoidów w hodowlach kalusowych Bellis perennis cytokininy benzyloadeniny (w stężeniach 0,1 i 1 mg/l) w połączeniu z auksynami, takimi jak kwas 2,4-dichydrofenoksyoctowy, kwas α-naftalenooctowy i kwas β-indolilooctowy (w stężeniach 0,1; 1 i 10 mg/l). Najlepsze wyniki dla wzrostu komórek otrzymano przy połączeniu 0,1 mg/l kwasu 2,4-dichlorofenoksyoctowego z 0,1 mg/l benzyloadeniny, natomiast dla wytwarzania flawonoidów przy połączeniu 1 mg/l kwasu α-naftalenooctowego z 0,1 mg/l benzyloadeniny.
Nickel tolerant callus lines of Setaria italica L. were developed from callus cultures grown on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·dm⁻³ kinetin+2.0 mg·dm⁻³ 2,4-D+2.0 mg·dm⁻³ Ni⁺². Standard growth parameters such as callus fresh and dry weight, growth tolerance index were used as indicators of nickel toxicity. Measurements as early as 2 weeks after the beginning of the treatments did not yield consistent results. However, growth tolerance index at 4, and 8 weeks after the beginning of treatments yielded significant differences among the non-tolerant and tolerant calli. The tolerant calli has enhanced growth at 2.0 mg·dm⁻³ Ni⁺² while non-tolerant calli showed a reverse trend in growth in the presence of 2.0–2.5 mg·dm⁻³ of nickel. The tolerant calli differentiated into mass of embryogenic calli within 4 weeks of culture which could be maintained for prolonged period without loss of regenerative capacity.
Reliable and reproducible protocols to get healthy and well formed plants from juvenile explants of the pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. 'Kandhari Kabuli' have been developed. Calli were initiated from cotyledon, hypocotyl, leaf and internode sections excised from 30 days old in vitro germinated seedlings. The best media for callus induction from cotyledon, hypocotyl, internode and leaf explants were MS medium supplemented with 13.0 ^M NAA and 13.5 ^M BA, 13.0 ^M NAA and 18.0 ^M BA, 5.0 ^M IBA and 9.0 ^M BA, 8.0 ^M NAA and 9.0 ^M kinetin, respectively. The highest percentage of callus was obtained from cotyledon explants (85.50) followed by hypocotyl (79.67), internode (79.47) and leaf (75.48) explants. The calli thus obtained showed differentiation on MS medium supplemented with 9.0 ^M BA and 2.5 ^M NAA. Cotyledon derived callus showed the highest regeneration rate (81.97%, with mean number of 16.47 shoots per explant) followed by hypocotyl, internode and leaf derived calli. In vitro rooting was best on half strength MS medium containing 500 mg l-1 of activated charcoal. The plantlets with well formed root systems were transferred to plastic cups containing cocopeat followed by transfer to earthen pots containing soil and sand (1:1).
Callus was inducted on wounded leaf explants from shoot tips of a particular Prunus domestica 'Węgierka Zwykła' clone cultivated in vitro. The improvement of Sweet Common Prune stock callus tissue parameters has been approached by experiments on culture protocols. Either for the induction or maintenance of tissue modified Murashige and Skoog medium, supplemented with different auxins and cytokinins at varying concentrations, was used. The goal was to obtain the highiest possible proliferative capacity of friable tissue without any signs of cell redifferentiation for about 10 weeks. The choice of auxin was an important factor regulating the rate and kind of tissue growth, and for the examined prune clone auxin alone brought a relatively small proportion of cells into division, so advantageous was to combine it with oxygenated cytokinin. Friable tissue was obtained on media supplemented with dicamba or with picloram, but not with 2.4-D neither alone nor combinated with IBA.
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