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Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are partial cDNA sequences read from both ends of random expressed gene fragments used for discovering new genes. DNA libraries from four different developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni used in this study generated 141 ESTs representing about 2.5% of S. mansoni sequences in dbEST. Se­quencing was done by the dideoxy chain termination method. The sequences were submitted to GenBank for homology searching in nonredundant databases using Ba­sic Local Alignment Search Tool for DNA (BLASTN) alignment and for protein (BLASTX) alignment at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Among submitted ESTs, 29 were derived from λgt11 sporocyst library, 70 from λZap adult worm library, 31 from λZap cercarial library, and 11 from λZap female B worm library. Homology search revealed that eight (5.6%) ESTs shared homology to previ­ously identified S. mansoni genes in dbEST, 15 (10.6%) are homologous to known genes in other organisms, 116 (81.7%) showed no significant sequence homology in the databases, and the remaining sequences (2.1%) showed low homologies to rRNA or mitochondrial DNA sequences. Thus, among the 141 ESTs studied, 116 sequences are derived from noval, uncharactarized S. mansoni genes. Those 116 ESTs are im­portant for identification of coding regions in the sequences, helping in mapping of schistosome genome, and identifying genes of immunological and pharmacological significance.
A cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase (CACH) cDNA has been isolated from mouse liver cDNA library and sequenced. Recombinant expression of the cDNA in insect cells re­sulted in overproduction of active acetyl-CoA hydrolyzing enzyme protein. The mouse CACH cDNA encoded a 556-amino-acid sequence that was 93.5% identical to rat CACH, suggesting a conserved role for this enzyme in the mammalian liver. Database searching shows no homology to other known proteins, but reveals homological cDNA sequences showing two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CACH coding region. The discovery of mouse CACH cDNA is an important step towards genetic studies on the functional analysis of this enzyme by gene-knockout and transgenic ap­proaches.
Serine proteases HtrA1 and HtrA2 are involved in cellular stress response and development of several diseases, including cancer. Our aim was to examine the involvement of the HtrA proteins in acute oxidative stress response induced in hamster kidney by estrogen treatment, and in nephrocarcinogenesis caused by prolonged estrogenization of male Syrian hamster. We used semi-quantitative RT-PCR to estimate the HtrA1 and HtrA2 mRNA levels in kidney tissues, and Western blotting to monitor the amount of the HtrA proteins. Within the first five hours following estrogen administration both HtrA1 mRNA and the protein levels were increased significantly. No changes in the expression of HtrA2 were observed. This indicates that HtrA1 may be involved in the response against oxidative stress induced by estrogen treatment in hamster kidney. During prolonged estrogenization, a significant reduction of the HtrA1 mRNA and protein levels was observed after 6 months of estradiol treatment, while the expression of HtrA2 was significantly elevated starting from the third month. This suggests an involvement of the HtrA proteins in estrogen-induced nephrocarcinogenesis in hamster. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization we localized the HtrA1 gene at the qb3-4 region of Syrian hamster chromosome 2, the region known to undergo a nonrandom deletion upon prolonged estrogenization. It is possible that the reduced level of HtrA1 expression is due to this chromosomal aberration. A full-length cDNA sequence of the hamster HtrA1 gene was obtained. It codes for a 50 kDa protein which has 98 and 96% identity with mouse and human counterparts, respectively.
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