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In this study the sequences of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of field isolates of the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) were analysed. These isolates came from emerging cases of BLV infection in cattle from herds having BLV-free status. We found several sequence variations within regulatory motifs in the LTRs like GRE, DAS and interferon binding site. These mutations can possibly affect transcriptional activity of the virus, leading to its silencing.
The aim of these studies was to determine the performances of five commercial ELISA kits in the detection of BLV antibodies in serum samples. Different variants of ELI SA methods (indirect, blocking and double-well) were employed for these kits. Comparative investigations using 428 serum samples showed 418 consistent results (97.7%). Ten results (2.3%) proved to be inconsistent including 7 (1.6%) results which were totally different. The cause of these divergences in serological tests are discussed.
The aim of the experiments conducted was to modify the indirect ELISA to determine different immunoglobulin classes in the reaction of antibodies with bovine leukaemia virus. Rabbit sera immunized against bovine IgG₁, IgG₂ and IgM as well as serum conjugates were used in the modified method. Examinations of 100 reference serum samples from BLV-infected animals and 50 samples from BLV-free animals allowed us to establish the optimum dilution of the components used and the threshold optical densities of the test.
PCR modification was performed by using two sets of primers specific for BLV gag gene and bovine kappa-casein gene (CASK) which show the possibility of disclosing BLV misdiagnosis. The results obtained indicate that the described PCR modification can be proposed as a simple and reliable method of BLV provirus detection.
Lymphocyte proliferation rate was determined by ³H-thymidine incorporation assay after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from BLV and BIV-infected cattle with mitogens: concanavalin A, phytohaemagglutitin, and pokeweed mitogen. BLV infection were associated with significant decrease in lymphocyte proliferation, as compared to uninfected animals. Co-infection with BIV strongly increased antimitotic influence of BLV, mainly in PL-animals. These results demonstrated that a function impairement of lymphocytes can be observed in the course of BLV and/or BLV/BIV infection.
The purpose of this study was to determine the serological prevalence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), and describe whether there are effects of BLV infection on the fertility of dairy cattle in Burdur, Turkey. The study population was 182 clinically healthy Holstein cows (>2-years-old) and 81 heifers (17- to 20-months-old) from a commercial dairy herd in Burdur. BLV prevalence was 66.48% (121/182) and 62.96% (51/81) in cows and heifers, respectively. There were no significant differences between BLV antibody-negative and antibody- -positive cows for days open (DO; P = 0.2567) or between BLV antibody-negative and antibody-positive heifers for first service age (FSA; P = 0.65). Moreover, differences in conception rates (CR) between BLV antibody-negative and antibody-positive cows or heifers were insignificant (P > 0.1). In conclusion, even though the prevalence of BLV infection in Burdur region was found to be high, no effect of BLV infection was detected for fertility.
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