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In this research, the response of the plant Gypsophila arrostii Guss. to boron (B) under in vitro conditions was examined. The seeds were cultured on MS medium including 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 mg B l-1. Seedlings obtained from germinated seeds and grown in a culture medium for 8 weeks were analyzed. At the end of this period, stem length (cm), root length (cm), plant weight (g) and elemental content (mg kg-1) of the plants were determined. According to the results, the seeds of G. arrostii Guss. could germinate on media with up to 80 mg B l-1, and the seedlings demonstrated an ability to survive, albeit poorly, a dose of boron as high as 80 mg B l-1. In the experiment, the highest stem length (7.5 cm) was obtained from the 20 mg B l-1 treatment and the highest stem fresh weight (0.9 g) and stem dry weight (0.19 g) were measured in the 10 mg B l-1 variant. No significant statistical difference was determined between the boron treatments in terms of root length, root fresh weight and root dry weight. Our evaluation of the elemental content of plants demonstrated that the amount of boron in the root and stem increased parallel to its increase in the growth media. In the 80 mg B l-1 treatment, 601.9 mg kg-1 boron in root and 1,035.4 mg kg-1 boron in stem were determined. Besides, it was discovered that the contents of K, Mg, Zn, Na in root decreased while the contents of P, B, Mn, Cu in root increased in response to the growing amount of boron in the environment. In response to the increasing boron concentrations, the content of K, P, Mn, Cu, Zn and S increased while the amount of Ca, Mg and Na in the plant stem decreased. Consequently, G. arrostii Guss. was found to be a boron hyperaccumulator, collecting boron in tissues (in the roots and stems), in which it resembled some other types of Gypsophilla.
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The role of boron in animal health

88%
Boron is a mineral used for various purposes in glass, ceramics, automotive and paint industries. Recently, boron has been confirmed to be an essential element for plants, animals and humans, although the knowledge of its biological effects is rather scanty. Boron is a dynamic trace element, and inorganic borates are transformed into boric acids and absorbed from mucosal surfaces, even when they are in low levels of physiological pH. It has been determined that boron affects many enzymes, bone development, mineralization, Ca, P, Mg and energy metabolism. Boron mineral compounds can be effective in optimizing the performance of an organism, treatment of bone structure disorders, reduction of cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Beside the effects it produces specifically on fat and lipid metabolisms, boron can influence the activity of vitamin D and affect some disorders connected with its deficiency. Although several studies on effects of boron on some mechanisms have been conducted over the last ten years, the available information remains insufficient.
Seydisuyu Basin, which contains very important agricultural areas and boron deposits of Turkey, is located in Eskişehir province. In this paper, the groundwater quality of Seydisuyu Basin was evaluated by using some physiochemical (temperature, conductivity, salinity, and demanded oxygen) and chemical (boron and arsenic) parameters. Groundwater samples were collected seasonally (2011-12) from 14 wells from the Seydisuyu Basin and all of the data obtained experimentally were compared with national and international drinking and usage water standards. Also, cluster analysis (CA) was applied to the results to classify the stations according to the contents of arsenic and boron levels by using the Past package program, factor analysis (FA) was applied to the results to classify the affective factors on groundwater quality, and Pearson Correlation Index was applied to the results to determine the relations of parameters by using the SPSS 17 package program. According to data, arsenic and boron accumulations of wells were higher than the drinking water limits specified by the Turkish Standards Institute (TS266), European Communities (EC), and World Health Organization (WHO) Drinking Water Standards. According to the results of FA, three effective factors that explain 76.36% of the total variance was detected and arsenic-boron contents of groundwater were positively loaded with the second factor, named as “Boron Works and Environmental Factor.” According to results of CA identified by using arsenic and boron accumulations, station 1, which was the closest well to the boron facility, showed the highest distance and lowest similarity with the other stations.
A field 2-factor split-plot experiment was carried out over 1998-2000 at the Pawłowice Agricultural Experiment Station. The aim of the experiment was to define the reaction of three bean cultivars ‘Longina’, ‘Małopolanka’ and ‘Mela’ cultivated for dry seeds on foliar fertilisation with boron and molybdenum and their mixture. The length of bean vegetation period depended on the cultivar and weather conditions. Over the three-year research the longest vegetation period was recorded for ‘Longina’ (121 days), and shorter – ‘Małopolanka’ (118 days) and ‘Mela’ (115 days). Morphological features, seed yield, content of organic components and crude ash in seeds were differentiated mostly by genetic factor and much less considerably by fertilisation with microelements.
The aim of the study was to examine response of ‘Jersey’ highbush blueberry to boron (B) fertilization. The experiment was carried out in 2002-2003 at a private plantation in Central Poland on mature blueberries planted on a sandy loam soil with pH 4.1, low organic matter status, and medium available B content. Blueberries were supplied with B by foliar applications or broadcasting. Foliar B sprays were done in the spring or the fall. Spring B sprays were performed at the beginning of blooming, at petal fall, and 3 and 6 weeks after the ending of flowering. In each spring spray treatment, B was used at a rate of 0.2 kg ha⁻¹. Fall B spray was done 5 weeks after fruit harvest using 0.8 kg B ha⁻¹. Soil B was applied at the stage of bud break at a rate of 2 kg ha⁻¹. Blueberries unfertilized with B served as control. The results showed that soil B application and spring B sprays increased B status in flowers and leaves. However, B fertilization, regardless of application mode, had no effect on plant vigor, the number of flowers per cane, fruit set, mean fruit weight, berry firmness, and yielding. Berries of blueberries sprayed with B in the spring had increased soluble solids concentrations. It is concluded that: (i) B fertilizer requirements of ‘Jersey’ highbush blueberry are low, and (ii) at hot water extractable B concentration in a soil below 0.37 mg kg⁻¹ and/or at B status in leaves of current season shoots below 37 mg kg⁻¹, spring B sprays should be applied in blueberry culture to increase soluble solids concentration in fruit.
The effect of soil- and soil-foliar feedings with N and foliar feeding with Mg, В and Cu on the sugar beet yield, and the root and foliage qualities was studied. For sugar beets grown on either strongly loamy sand or light and medium loams with manure fertilization, the most advantageous was the soil-foliar feeding with N at the dose of 100 kg/ha (60 kg/ha to soil and 40 kg/ha to foliage) combined with foliar feeding with Mg (2.0 kg/ha) and В (0.6 kg/ha). This feeding caused that the average root and foliage yields increased by 2.75 t/ha and 5.95 t/ha, respectively, biological and technological yields of sugar increased by 2.55 t/ha and 2.07 t/ha, respectively, root content of Na, K and NH2-N increased by 80 mg/kg, 24.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively, and the foliage content of Mg, NH^N and В increased by 1.1 g/kg, 0.4 g/kg and 49.7 mg/kg, respectively.
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Efficacy of microelement applied to fibre flax

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Badania przeprowadzone w północno-wschodniej Białorusi wykazały wysoką efektywność cynku i boru użytych jako nawozy uzupełniające zastosowane dolistnie w fazie tworzenia pędów lnu włóknistego. Nawozy te zwiększyły przeżywalność roślin i obniżyły występowanie chloroz. Ponadto cynk i bor zwiększyły cechy ilościowe i jakościowe zebranego plonu.
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