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The aim of the study was to determine the mechanical and geometric properties as well as bone tissue density of long bones in primiparous and multiparous dams of minks supplemented with ß-hydroxy ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) and/or 2-oxoketoglutarate (2-Ox) during gestation. Powdered 2-Ox was given at the daily dosage of 0.4 g/kg b.w. separately or simultaneously with HMB, which was administered at the daily dosage of 0.02 g/kg b.w. The study demonstrates for the first time that administration of 2-Ox and/or HMB to dams markedly influences bone tissue density and the mechanical and geometrical properties of mother's bones in minks. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the supplementation was more effective in the thoracic limb, which was comprehensively used in contrast to the pelvic limb. The mechanical parameters and bone tissue density significantly increased in the humerus in multiparous minks. Only such diet may provide satisfactory production results in the animals. Nutritional deficiencies occurring during pregnancies may trigger body's own reserves to cover the bone mass increase in developing foetuses and support milk production. This can prevent regeneration of dams' organisms, which negatively affects their reproductive performance. 2-Ox or HMB may be regarded as a protective metabolite when administered orally to minks, counteracting the negative influences of pregnancy and lactation periods on bones condition. Both simultaneous treatment with 2-Ox and HMB and their separate administration were equally effective.
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of a soybean protein concentrate (20%) on bone mass and plasma lipid profile of adult female rats as well as to test the effectiveness of a soybean isoflavonoid extract (0.5%) in preventing bone loss due to ovariectomy. Results showed that isoflavones separated from the soybean extract contain a higher amount of isoflavonoid glycosides (daidzin and genestin) than the aglycones (diadzein and genistein). Data obtained revealed that both plasma total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) of rats were not significantly changed due to the presence of the soybean protein concentrate (20%) in the diet. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in soy protein group. Lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced due to feeding soybean protein concentrate (20%) of the diet (approximately 30% reduction). Rats fed the soybean protein concentrate (20%) diet had significantly higher mean bone densities (10% increase) of right tibia as compared with control (protein-based diet, 20%). The ovariectomized rats fed a diet containing the isoflavonoid extract had significantly higher mean bone densities (15% increase) and bone calcium of right tibia than ovariectomized rats fed the control diet. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that soybean protein and isoflavones could have the potential to reduce the risks of postmenopausal osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases in such women.
The bone mineral density BMD and content BMC were analysed in the tibiotarsal bones of ducks in the postnatal development as influenced by age and sex. One hundred birds from the nesting till the slaughtering maturity were included in the experiment. The analysis was conducted using a densitometer, Norland - Excell Plus and pQCT computed tomography, XCT Research SA Plus. The statistical analysis was conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (age) and the U-Mann -Withney test (sex). All calculations were performed in Statistica 9.0 (StatSoft, Inc. Tulsa, USA), at P ≤ 0.05. Two-factor analysis of variance ANOVA was applied and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated. The densitometer research showed that BMD and BMC increased in the postnatal development for both sexes. The volumetric bone mineral density vBMD analysis using computed tomography showed that volumetric bone mineral density vBMD of the middle of the diaphyses in situ gradually attenuated during the postnatal development both in males and females, i.e. from 620 mg/cm3 (2 wk) to 500 mg/cm3 (8 wk). The biggest vBMD loss was observed in the diaphyses of females in 4 and 6 wk (r = - 0.63 and r = - 0.79; P ≥ 0.05). The BMC decrease was observed in the proximal metaphyses between 4 and 6 wk for both sexes, r = - 0.52 (males), r = - 0.53 (females); P ≤ 0.05. The gradual loss may be the cause of deformities and fractures of the tibiotarsal bones observed from 4 wk in particular bone sections of both sexes. The achieved results may constitute a helpful source of information for water poultry breeders to prevent limb diseases.
U młodzieży w wieku 18 lat analizowano stan tkanki kostnej i parametry somatyczne oraz spożycie wapnia z produktów mlecznych. Badaniami objęto 609 osób z województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego. Prawidłowy stan tkanki kostnej był związany z prawidłowymi parametrami somatycznymi młodzieży, zaś niedowaga lub otłuszczenie zwiększały ryzyko wystąpienia nieprawidłowego stanu tkanki kostnej. Spożycie serów podpuszczkowych sprzyjało wyższej gęstości tkanki kostnej, niezależnie od łącznego spożycia wapnia z produktów mlecznych.
Celem pracy była ocena aktywności fosfatazy zasadowej (Fz) i kwaśnej (Fk) w surowicy szczurów po usunięciu jajników oraz po zastosowaniu estrogenowej terapii zastępczej. Oceniono również związek pomiędzy gęstością mineralną kości (BMD) żuchwy i kręgosłupa a parametrami metabolizmu kostnego. Stężenie fosfatazy zasadowej i kwaśnej było najwyższe u zwierząt z niedoborem estrogenów, a podawanie 77-ß estradiolu znamiennie obniżyło poziom badanych markerów. Stwierdzono również istotną ujemną korelację Fz i Fk z BMD żuchwy i kręgosłupa.
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