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Pretreatment and analysis of urea and uric acid in body fluids and those of newly identified toxic compounds in dental material are described. Urea is a major uremic toxin. The accumulation of urea in blood may promote serious uremia syndrome if not regularly removed. Thus, an accurate analysis of blood urea is required for precise diagnosis. There have not been reported so far for differential analysis of free blood urea from bound urea as well as urea from endogenous ammonium. The author found the simplest differential method of urea and endogenous ammonium analysis in blood using a strong cation exchange resin column. For pretreatment of blood urea, solid phase extraction and dialysis were compared. The solid phase extraction method was found to be superior to dialysis in terms of recovery rate. Separation efficiency and reproducibility of blood urea determination using HPLC and MECC were also compared. Identification of newly toxic compounds in dental material, was carried out by LC-MS-MS and determination to saliva was by HPLC combined with SPE.
Planar chromatography was used for one of the final steps of multistage analysis of chosen organic compounds (polycyclic aromatic compounds, nicotine and their derivatives) occurring in tobacco smoke as well as their transformation products. These investigations present various development and detection modes, as well as the possibility of new stationary phase O30 application. The application of planar chromatography has enabled the identification and quantification of many organic pollutants dangerous for human health and the assessment of chosen people groups exposed to tobacco smoke living in the region of Upper Silesia in Poland.
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Specific features and roles of renal circulation: angiotensin II revisited

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The status of intrarenal circulation determines in part renal excretion, affects body fluid homeostasis and has a role in long term control of arterial blood pressure. The vascular resistance in the renal cortex and medulla is determined by interaction of a vast array of vasoactive hormones and paracrine factors; among these the role of constrictor angiotensin II and dilator prostaglandins and nitric oxide may appear to be dominating. The focus of this review and underlying studies is on the mechanisms whereby the microcirculation of the renal medulla is protected against the vasoconstrictor action of angiotensin II. In anaesthetized normal rats the three mentioned active agents or their inhibitors were applied and total renal blood flow and cortical, outer- and inner medullary laser-Doppler fluxes were determined; in some studies renal tissue nitric oxide was measured using selective electrodes. We conclude that angiotensin II, acting via AT1 receptors, constricts the renal cortical vasculature; in the medulla its action is effectively buffered by prostaglandin E2 but most probably not by nitric oxide.
The source of information about the state of our environment can be both the abiotic part of the environ­ment (water, soil, air) and samples of the biotic part, including tissues and body fluids of humans, who are continuously exposed to a wide spectrum of xenobiotic chemicals. The investigation of human body fluids (mainly blood and urine) can be a useful and interesting way to obtain information about the state of the environment. However, in order to examine the composition of physiological fluids such as urine or blood, collected samples have to be pretreated prior to final determination, because they have a very complex matrix, pre­cluding direct determination of analytes by any of the available analytical methods. This paper is a review of the literature regarding: - analyte isolation and/or enrichment techniques from samples of human urine prior to their final deter­mination; - final determination methods for a wide variety of analytes (both organic and inorganic) in urine samples. The review includes both the primary form of pollutants that entered the human body as a result of environmental or workplace exposure and the products of their metabolism in the organism. The determination of metabolites (biomarkers) in urine is often used as a quantitative indicator of ex­posure to a given substance (so-called biomonitoring).
The Total Antioxidant Capacity of several human fluids was compared and the following sequence of TAC values was found: urine > saliva > blood plasma > milk ≈ amniotic fluid >> sweat. Lower TAC values were found for the saliva of smokers than for that of non-smokers. Drinking of a cup of instant coffee increased the hydrogen peroxide content of urine but did not decrease the TAC of urine.
Badano oddziaływanie węglanu magnezu (w dawce 20 mg Mg/kg m.c./ 24 h) w czasie jego podawania oraz po zaprzestaniu suplementacji na bilans magnezu i żelaza oraz ich zawartość w narządach, płynach ustrojowych i sierści szczurów. Stwierdzono znaczne obniżenie współczynnika retencji pozornej żelaza oraz zmiany w jego zawartości w tkankach. Nie wykazano zmian w retencji magnezu.
Using AAS, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu concentrations were measured in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, liver, bile, and blood in 10 weeks old calves, 10 month old young beef cattle, and 10-12 years old cows. The lowest concentration of Cd was observed in claves' brain, the higher - in the cerebrospinal fluid, blood and bile, and the highest - in the liver. Cadmium content in tissues and body fluids of cows and young beef cattle, was found to be several times higher when compared with that determined in calves. Contrary to Pb and Cd, the highest concentrations of Cu were noted in the cerebrospinal fluid, liver and bile of calves when compared with those determined in young beef cattle and cows. Similarly, the highest levels of Zn were found in the liver, brain, bile and cerebrospinal fluid of calves in comparison with those determined in young beef cattle and cows.
Badano oddziaływanie węglanu magnezu (w dawkach 2,5; 5,0 i 10,0 mg Mg/kg m.c./24 h) w czasie jego podawania oraz po zaprzestaniu suplementacji na bilans magnezu i żelaza oraz ich zawartość w narządach, płynach ustrojowych, kości udowej i sierści szczurów. Stwierdzono znaczne obniżenie współczynnika retencji pozornej żelaza oraz zmiany jego zawartości w tkankach. Nie wykazano trwałych zmian w retencji magnezu.
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