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In 2004-2006, an experiment was established at the Experimental Station Rajkowo belonging to the Agricultural University (West Pomeranian University of Technology) in Szczecin. High blueberry bushes were planted in an alkaline reaction (pH 7.1) heavy soil using three different substrates. The bushes were planted in trenches filled with peat, cocoa husk and sawdust. The fertilization of the plants was limited to a sole nitrogen supply (30 kg N ha-1), because chemical analyses of both the soil and the substrates showed high and/or moderate content of other nutrients. In order to decrease cocoa husk reaction and to maintain the reaction of peat and sawdust, the bushes were irrigated with H2SO4 acidified water up to pH 2.5-3.5. The bed prepared of cocoa husk was characterized by the highest N (23.8 mg 100 g-1), Zn content (51.6 mg kg-1), and pH (5.0). On the other hand, sawdust substrate had the lowest salinity (0.35 g NaCl kg-1). Sawdust substrate showed the highest level of Mn (56.5 mg kg-1) and Cu (7.4 mg kg-1) and the lowest of Ca (83 mg 100 g-1), whereas, peat substrate showed the highest salinity (0.87 g NaCl kg-1) and the lowest pH (3.8). The usage of cocoa husk substrate resulted in the highest content of N (23.6), K (6.9 g kg-1) and Mn (104.5 mg kg-1) in cv. Sierra blueberry leaves as well as N (16.0) and K (6.5 g kg-1) in berries. The plants grown in sawdust substrate showed the highest level of Ca (1.75 g kg-1), Cu (3.2) and Zn (12.4 mg kg-1), in the leaves as well as S (1.7) and Cu (3.5 mg kg-1) in berries.
Viral diseases are a worldwide problem of blueberry which a major limiting factor for production. A survey for Blueberry scorch virus (BlScV) by DAS-ELISA in various organs of highbush blueberry conducted from May 2010 to April 2011, showed the occurrence of these virus in cvs Bluecrop and Herbert, which showing virus-like symptoms. Samples of plant materials (bud flower, flower, leaf, bark) were collected individually from each highbush blueberry plant of every cultivar. It was established that the detection of virus of each the investigated bushes cvs Bluecrop and Herbert depended on the tested plant materials as well as the period in which the tests were performed. The effectiveness of the virus detection varied for the investigated cultivars. The presence of the BlScV was confirmed in leaves samples with specific primer pair which amplifies a 430 bp fragment of the 5’-proximal ORF I [RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)].
The studied material were the fruits of 7 wild species: dog rose (Rosa canina L.), blackberry (Rubus caesius L.), elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.). The fruits were subjected to an antioxidant activity assay (AA). Two methods were used: FRAP and ABTS. The fruit samples were also subjected to analyses for phenolics (recalculated onto gallic acid) by means of the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The fruit samples were subjected to vitamin C analyses as well, applying the Tilmans' method. Dog rose fruits were characterized by the largest antioxidant capacity - 127.78±1.85 mM Fe100 g-1 of fresh mass (FRAP method) and 38.75±0.33 ^M TEg-1 of fresh mass (ABTS method). At the same time, they con­tained the largest amounts of vitamin C - 1252.37±6.58 mg100 g-1 of fresh mass and phenolics - 3217.28±11.94 mg100 g-1 of fresh mass. Blackthorn, rowan and wild strawberry had the lowest antioxidant capacity of all the fruits studied. The examin­ation confirmed a high correlation between antioxidant capacity, and vitamin C and phenolics content in fruits.
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