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The following six species of the subgenus Meloehelea WIRTH of Atrichopogon KIEFFER are recognised in Europe: A. atriscapulus KIEFFER, 1918; A. orbicularis KIEFFER, 1919; A. oedemerarum STORÅ, 1939; A. lucorum (MEIGEN, 1818); A. meloesugans KIEFFER, 1922; A. winnertzi GOETGHEBUER, 1922. They are diagnosed, interpreted, illustrated and placed in the atriscapulus or lucorum species groups. A. meloesugans is restored from synonymy. Forcipomyia setosipennis KIEFFER, 1911 is considered as a new junior synonym of A. lucorum and A. torgnyensis GOETGHEBUER, 1949 as a new synonym of A. winnertzi. New synonymy. Keys for identification of females and males of the subgenus are also provided. A. atriscapulus is reported for the first time in Europe.
Recent examination of adult predatory biting midges of the genus Sphaeromias Curtis showed two species: S. fasciatus (MEIGEN, 1804) and S. pictus (MEIGEN, 1818) to occur in Europe. Ceratopogon punctatus MEIGEN, 1830, Ceratopogon candidatus LOEW, 1856, Xylocrypta miricornis KIEFFER, 1919 and Sphaeromias sparus BORKENT, 1997 are recognized as new junior synonyms of S. pictus. New synonymy.
Adults of two new species of biting midges in the subgenera Lepidohelea Kieffer and Metaforcipomyia Saunders of the genus Forcipomyia Meigen, F. (L.) ivani sp. nov. and F. (M.) aidae sp. nov., are described from specimens collected in Imbabura province, Ecuador at 2,320 meters above sea level. Color photographs and illustrations are provided of males and females of both new species which are compared with similar, related congeners in their respective subgenera. We also provide the first record of F. (Forcipomyia) catarinensis Marino & Spinelli from Ecuador.
Six species of Dasyhelea KIEFFER, 1911 from Israel are recorded for the first time and detailed drawings of their male genitalia are presented. These species represent the following faunal elements: Afrotropical (Dasyhelea flava CARTER, INGRAM et MACFIE, 1921), meridional (eremial) Palaearctic (D. alboverrucosa REMM, 1967, D. punctiventris GOETGHEBUER, 1940), west Palaearctic (D. arenivaga MACFIE, 1943), arboreal Holarctic (D. bifida ZILAHI-SEBESS, 1936) and arboreal Palaearctic (D. turficola KIEFFER, 1925). D. flava is reported for the first time in the Palaearctic Region. Culicoides subneglectus VIMMER, 1932 and C. bulbostylus KHALAF, 1961 are recognized as new junior synonyms of Culicoides trivittatus VIMMER, 1932. Dasyhelea dasyptera GOETGHEBUER, 1934 is recognized as a new junior synonym of Forcipomyia frutetorum (WINNERTZ, 1852).
The two European species of vertebrate blood-feeding biting midges of the subgenus Lasiohelea Kieffer, 1921 of the genus Forcipomyia Meigen, 1918 are taxonomically reviewed. They are Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) velox (Winnertz, 1852), whose adult females feed on amphibians, and F. (L.) sibirica (Buyanova, 1962), which obtain blood from humans. Adults of both species are diagnosed, redescribed and illustrated. Forcipomyia sibirica is a boreo-montane Palearctic species which, in Europe, mostly occurs in mountain areas, and is very similar to the eastern Palearctic F. (L.) nipponica (Tokunaga, 1940). Forcipomyia velox is common in western Palearctic lowlands. Forcipomyia (L.) cultella (Yu et Xiang, in Yu 1988) from China is recognized as a junior synonym of F. velox (Winnertz, 1852), and F. (L.) ussurica Remm, 1971 from the Russian Far East is recognized as a junior synonym of F. (L.) longicornis (Tokunaga, 1940) from Japan. New synonymies. Forcipomyia sibirica from Romania and F. longicornis from North Korea are reported for the first time.
This study presents data from a molecular survey of the species of the genus Culicoides from the region of Kalimok Field Station (NE Bulgaria) and haemosporidian parasites occurring in them in order to investigate the host-parasite specificity of haemosporidians to their dipteran vectors. The identification of Culicoides spp. was carried out by morphological and molecular-genetic methods. We collected and analysed 230 individuals of the genus Culicoides. Nine species were found. Eight species were identified morphologically; Culicoides obsoletus, C. riethi, C. newsteadi, C. circumscriptus, C. festivipennis, C. punctatus, C. pictipennis and C. puncticollis. The ninth species might be classified as either of C. nubeculosus or C. riethi and its identification needs additional investigations. The total prevalence of Haemoproteus in the examined biting midges was 2.17%. Three individuals of C. pictipennis were infected with the Haemoproteus lineage TURDUS2 (prevalence 16.67%), a common parasite of thrushes (Turdidae). Two individuals of C. circumscriptus contained Haemoproteus lineages (prevalence 2.78%); these were the lineage HAWF2 (previously reported from Coccothraustes coccothraustes) and a new lineage CULCIR1 not previously reported in the literature.
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