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Candida albicans Berthout, 1923: Hydrolases activity and own method of digestive tract strains biotyping

100%

Kurnatowski M., Wasowska-Krolikowska K., Kurnatowska A.

Wiadomości Parazytologiczne

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2002

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tom 48

|

nr 4

112 strains of Candida albicans were isolated from oral cavity and ontocenoses of the upper digestive tract (endoscopy) of children (age: 5-17) with gastrointestinal disorders. Axenic strains were differentiated with API 20C AUX and API ZYM tests (bioMerieux). Then enzymograms and biotypes were determined for all the strains based on the activity of 19 hydrolases. The highest activity was noted for: e₂ - phosphatase alcaline, e₆ – leucine arylamidase, e₁₁ - phosphatase acid, e₅ - lipase (c₁₄); e₇ - valine arylamidase, e₁₂ - naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, e₁₆ - α-glucosidase and e₁₈ - N-acetyl-ß-glucosamidase, and the latter four were used for biotyping procedures. Our own system was based on the mathematical binominal distribution formula (1: 4: 6: 4: 1): all „+”; one „ -” three „+”; two „-”, two ,,+”; tbree „-”, one „+”; all „-”. We bave found the following biotypes: A (16.1 ± 3.5%), B₁ (2.7 ± 2.53%), B₃ (8.0 ± 25%), B₄ (22.3 ± 3.9%), C₂ (1.8 ± 1.3%), C₃ (7.1 ± 2.4%), C₆ (30.4 ± 4.3%), D₃ (11.6 ± 3.0%).

2

Enzyme production and biotypes of vaginal Candida albicans

86%

Cybulski Z., Krzeminska-Jaskowiak E., Majewski P., Chylak J., Pawlik M.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2005

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tom 54

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nr 3

Candidial vulvovaginitis is one of the most common forms of vaginal infection. However, the origin of the infecting organism is sometimes doubtful. Therefore, epidemiological investigation can help to recognize routes of infection spreading. The aim of the present study was to determine the ability to produce esterases by clinical isolates of C. albicans and to find the relationship between their serotypes. Also, it was intended to determine the ability of these strains to produce proteases and lipases as well as the ability of the strains to assimilate carbohydrates. 46 strains of C. albicans isolates from the vagina of women suffering from vulvovaginitis were examined. Three main kinds of esterases were distinquished by their spectra of hydrolytic activity toward a-naphthyl acetate, P-naphthyl propionate and indoxyl acetate. The strains were grouped into four categories: three categories in which esterase patterns were observed and one category in which esterase bands were not observed. On the basis of the 20 carbon sources assimilated, the C. albicans strains were categorized into 11 biotypes with the major biotype accounting for 21 (45.7%) strains. The examination of proteolytic activity using casein and albumin enabled to divide the strains into four groups. All of the examined strains belonged to serotype A and all of them expressed lipolytic activity. Esterase electrophoretic patterns and biotypes based on proteolytic activities were compared with the ability to assimilate carbon from various sources.

3

Inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts from reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) on the development of selected weed species

72%

Golebiowska H., Kieloch R., Topolski J.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Agronomy

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2017

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tom 20

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nr 4

4

Interactions of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 4 and 1A strains with macrophages in vitro

72%

Kot B., Stepinska M., Jakubczak A., Trafny E. A.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2007

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tom 63

|

nr 04

416-420

The interaction of Y. enterocolitica strains belonging to 4 and 1A biotypes with RAW264.7 murine macrophage- like cell monolayers was studied. Y. enterocolitica strains from humans and pigs were characterized in terms of their internalization and survival within RAW264.7 cell monolayers and their ability to escape from the cells. Y. enterocolitica biotype 4 strains invaded macrophage cell monolayers to a significantly higher degree than biotype 1A strains. However, biotype 1A strains exhibited a greater level of survival in macrophages than biotype 4 strains. All Y. enterocolitica strains tested demonstrated the ability to escape from macrophages. The mechanisms that allow Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A to survive within macrophages may contribute to the virulence of these organisms

5

Growth and yielding of sweet cherry trees grafted on new biotypes of Prunus mahaleb (L.)

72%

Stachowiak A., Swierczynski S., Kolasinski M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2014

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tom 13

|

nr 5

In the years 2011–2013 growth and yielding of four cultivars of sweet cherry trees: Burlat’, ‘Regina’, ‘Summit’ and ‘Vanda’ were evaluated. All of them were grafted on new Mahaleb rootstocks obtained through softwood cuttings selected from a population of German seedlings of ‘Alpruma’ type in comparison with Mazzard seedling. Additionally an analysis of genetic variability of newly studied biotypes of Mahaleb was conducted. The biggest trunk cross-sectional area had trees on seedlings of Mazzard and Mahaleb No.1, No.4 and No.5, and the smallest on Mahaleb No. 2, No. 3 and No. 6. The biggest volume of the crown had trees growing on Mazzard and the smallest on Mahaleb No. 2 and No. 6. Bigger crowns were also created by the trees of ‘Burlat’ and ‘Summit’ cultivars, and smaller ‘Regina’ and ‘Vanda’. Trees budded on Mazzard had fruits which were slightly lighter in comparison to Mahaleb rootstocks. Regina and Summit outstood other cultivars in terms of weight of fruits. The biggest sum of crops was obtained from trees budded on Mahaleb No. 6 and No. 2, and the smallest on Mazzard and Mahaleb No. 1 and No. 4. The most productive were ‘Vanda’ and ‘Summit’. The biggest productivity index was obtained for rootstocks of Mahaleb No. 6, No. 2, No. 3 and No. 5. For Mazzard and and Mahaleb No. 1 the value of this index was the smallest. Of all examined cultivars the best results was Vanda, then Summit. The analysis of electrophoretic profiles conducted with PCR-RAPD method showed a big genetic similarity between Mahaleb No. 2 and No. 6 and a big variability of the remaining biotypes of Mahaleb among each other. Out of six examined biotypes, Mahaleb No. 2 and No. 6 turned out to be the most productively valuable. Trees of sweet cherry on these rootstocks had the weakest growth, had relatively many flowers and fruits and were characterized with the biggest productivity index.

6

Biology and taxonomy of Stagonospora nodorum on barley

72%

Cunfer B. M.

Hodowla Roślin, Aklimatyzacja i Nasiennictwo

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1994

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tom 38

|

nr 3-4

7

Isolation and biotyping of Brucella melitensis from aborted sheep foetuses in Turkey

72%

Sahin M., Unver A., Otlu S.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

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2008

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tom 52

|

nr 1

Aborted sheep foetuses were collected during the lambing seasons of 2004 to 2006. B. melitensis was isolated from 25 (29.76%) of 84 lungs and stomach contents. Based on the biochemical tests and agglutination test with monospecific A and M antisera, the isolates were determined as B. melitensis biotype 3. The isolation of the B. melitensis from aborted sheep foetuses may show the importance of this agent in the aetiology of ovine brucellosis in Turkey. The determination of dominant biotype of B. melitensis responsible for ovine brucellosis is also expected to help to understand the epidemiology of ovine brucellosis in detail in this region and neighbouring countries.

8

Analysis of occurrence of virulence genes among Yersinia enterocolitica isolates belonging to different biotypes and serotypes

58%

Kot B., Piechota M., Jakubczak A.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2010

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tom 13

|

nr 1

13-19

The 150 Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from humans and from pigs belonged to biotypes 4 (68.7%), 1A (18.7%) and 2 (4%), or were biochemically untypeable (8.6%). Biotype 4 was comprised of Y. enterocolitica strains representing serotype 0:3, within biotype 1A the strains either belonged to serotypes 0:5 and 0:6 or were untypeable, and biotype 2 was represented by the strains of serotype 0:9. The strains which were biochemically untypeable belonged to serotypes 0:5, 0:6 and 0:3. Among the strains tested there also were those of an unidentified biotype and serotype. Nearly all the strains of biotype 1A represented genotype ystB+myfA+, and few belonged to genotype ystB+. The presence of the ystB gene in the strains of biotype 1A and only occasional occurrence of the gene in the other biotypes makes ystB a distinguishing marker of biotype 1A. The strains of genotype ystA+ail+myfA+yadA+ predominated in biotype 4 (serotype 0:3). The strains of biotype 2 (serotype 0:9) represented genotype ystA+ail+myfA+, and the plasmid yadA gene was detected in some of them. Within the group of biochemically untypeable strains ystB- and myfA-specific PCR products were mainly obtained. The genotypes determined for the tested biotypes and serotypes of Y. enterocolitica, based upon the selected genes of virulence, can be applied as distinguishing markers and indicators of the potential virulence of Y. enterocolitica strains, excluding bioserotyping.

9

Evaluation of yield, morphology and quality of fruits of cherry silverberry (Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb.) biotypes under conditions of north-eastern Poland

58%

Bieniek A., Pilat B., Szalkiewicz M., Markuszewski B., Gojlo E.

Polish Journal of Natural Sciences

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2017

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tom 32

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nr 1

The study evaluated three biotypes of cherry silverberry (obtained from the Institute for Fruit Growing in Samokhvalovitchy in Belarus) for cultivation under the conditions of north-eastern Poland in comparison to the form reproduced and cultivated at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. It was demonstrated that the natural conditions of Olsztyn permit cultivation of the examined cherry silverberry biotypes, although the yield was not high. The 01-1999 biotype from the Polish selection was characterized by a higher yield and weight of fruit, as well as by a higher fruit weight-to-stone weight ratio in comparison to biotypes selected in Belarus. The fruit of the examined biotypes also significantly differed in their chemical composition. Fruits of the 9-19-1996 biotype were characterized by high dry matter content, low acidity and a high sugar-to-acid ratio. The 9-24-1996 biotype fruits were characterized by the highest content of vitamin C. Both fruits and stones of cherry silverberry contained fat rich in n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. In cherry silverberry fruits, this ratio ranged from 1.2:1 to 1.4:1 in the pulp and from 1.4:1 to 1.8:1 in the stone.

10

Biotypy chwastow odpornych na herbicydy

58%

Woznica Z., Adamczewski K., Manthey F. A.

Progress in Plant Protection

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1996

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tom 36

|

nr 1

96-101

11

Life of game animals in transformed biotopes

58%

Sporek K., Sporek M.

Polish Journal of Agronomy

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2010

|

nr 03

12

The mechanism of resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in biotypes of wind bent grass (Apera spica-venti L.) with cross and multiple resistance

58%

Adamczewski K., Matysiak K.

Polish Journal of Agronomy

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2012

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nr 10

13

Wystepowanie biotypow miotly zbozowej [Apera spica-venti L.] odpornej na herbicydy sulfonylomocznikowe

58%

Adamczewski K., Kierzek R.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2007

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tom 47

|

nr 3

333-340

14

Changes in branched chain amino acids content in leaves of Apera spica-venti biotypes resistant and susceptible to chlorsulfuron

58%

Marczewska K., Sadowski J., Rola H.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2006

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tom 46

|

nr 2

191-198

One of the negative aspects of the intensive use of herbicides is related to the selection of resistant biotypes (Gasquez 2001). Of all biotypes resistant to herbicides, 93 species do not respond to sulfonylurea herbicides (ALS-inhibiting herbicides). The acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme is the first step in biosynthesis of a branched chain amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine). In Poland the problem of resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides has been discussed since 2001 (Rola and Marczewska 2002). Resistance tests of Apera spica-venti biotypes were conducted in the greenhouse conditions. Chlorsulfuron was applied at the four-leaf stage of development at rates ranging from 11.25 to 360 g/ha. In confirmation of resistance to chlorsulfuron as identified in biological tests, the chemical analyses were performed. The analyses investigated the influence of different doses of chlorsulfuron on free amino acids content in the aboveground part of resistant and susceptible Apera spica-venti. The analyses were carried out applying high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC). The resistance of the biotype was confirmed in amino acids analysis. In the resistant biotype followed the increase of valine, leucine and isoleucine concentration in comparison with untreated plants and those susceptible to chlorsulfuron biotype

15

Zmiennosc biologiczna Apera species i jej wrazliwosc na herbicydy

58%

Adamczewski K., Matysiak K.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2007

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tom 47

|

nr 3

341-349

16

Identyfikacja wybranych biotypow chwastow odpornych na herbicydy z grupy inhibitorow fotosyntezy w uprawie buraka cukrowego

58%

Kucharski M., Rola H.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2004

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tom 44

|

nr 2

884-886

17

Molekularne podstawy odpornosci miotly zbozowej [Apera spica-venti L.] na herbicydy sulfonylomocznikowe

58%

Krysiak M., Basiewicz M., Gawronski S., Kierzek R., Adamczewski K.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2007

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tom 47

|

nr 3

164-168

18

Chaber bławatek (Centaurea cyanus L.) odporny na inhibitory ALS (herbicydy sulfonylomocznikowe)

58%

Adamczewski K., Kierzek R.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2010

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tom 50

|

nr 1

The intensive use of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors for crop protection caused in many cases weed resistance to these herbicides. Resistant to sulfonylureas biotypes of cornflower appeared in Poland. During 2006–2009 seeds of cornflower were collected from 15 field were farmers informed that after using herbicides the control of this weed was very poor. These collected seeds were used at greenhouse experiments. Collected biotypes were compared with susceptible biotype from Experimental Station Strzeszyn near Poznań. Obtained data from the experiments indicated that two tested biotypes of C. cyanus were cross-resistant with two ALS inhibiting herbicides tribenuron methyl and chlorsulfuron. The calculation for dose-response curve and resistance index ED50 indicated that the level of resistance of these biotypes was high.

19

Epidemiological investigation of Salmonella serovar Mbandaka strains isolated from animals, their feed and food products in Poland during the years 1995-1997

58%

Hoszowski A., Wasyl D., Truszczynski M.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

|

1999

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tom 02

|

nr 1

An increase in number of Salmonella serovar Mbandaka in animals was observed in Poland in the years 1995 - 1997. Eighty seven Salmonella serovar Mbandaka strains isolated from animal feed, poultry and food products were examined biochemically. Two biotypes were found, but 96.6% oTTfitf strains belonged to inositol-positive biotype I. All strains tested were lysed by phage O-l. Resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent was found in 28.7% of examined Salmonella serovar Mbandaka strains and 88% of them showed multi-resistance. Resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin was found to be the most common. Four out of 87 / strains showed resistance to nalidixic acid. One of them proved to be enrofloxacin-resistant. Most of the Salmonella serovar Mbandaka strains (95.4%) were plasmid free. The occurrence of 4 plasmid profiles was observed in 4 different strains. Two strains carried large single plasmids of about 38.7 MDa and 70.8 MDa. Two others harboured, respectively, 2 and 3 small plasmids of less than 2.0 MDa molecular weight.

20

Wrazliwosc biotypow owsa gluchego [Avena fatua L.] na inhibitory ACC-azy

51%

Stoklosa A.

Progress in Plant Protection

|

2007

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tom 47

|

nr 3

382-390

Ograniczanie wyników

Candida albicans Berthout, 1923: Hydrolases activity and own method of digestive tract strains biotyping

Enzyme production and biotypes of vaginal Candida albicans

Inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts from reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) on the development of selected weed species

Interactions of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 4 and 1A strains with macrophages in vitro

Growth and yielding of sweet cherry trees grafted on new biotypes of Prunus mahaleb (L.)

Biology and taxonomy of Stagonospora nodorum on barley

Isolation and biotyping of Brucella melitensis from aborted sheep foetuses in Turkey

Analysis of occurrence of virulence genes among Yersinia enterocolitica isolates belonging to different biotypes and serotypes

Evaluation of yield, morphology and quality of fruits of cherry silverberry (Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb.) biotypes under conditions of north-eastern Poland

Biotypy chwastow odpornych na herbicydy

Life of game animals in transformed biotopes

The mechanism of resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in biotypes of wind bent grass (Apera spica-venti L.) with cross and multiple resistance

Wystepowanie biotypow miotly zbozowej [Apera spica-venti L.] odpornej na herbicydy sulfonylomocznikowe

Changes in branched chain amino acids content in leaves of Apera spica-venti biotypes resistant and susceptible to chlorsulfuron

Zmiennosc biologiczna Apera species i jej wrazliwosc na herbicydy

Identyfikacja wybranych biotypow chwastow odpornych na herbicydy z grupy inhibitorow fotosyntezy w uprawie buraka cukrowego

Molekularne podstawy odpornosci miotly zbozowej [Apera spica-venti L.] na herbicydy sulfonylomocznikowe

Chaber bławatek (Centaurea cyanus L.) odporny na inhibitory ALS (herbicydy sulfonylomocznikowe)

Epidemiological investigation of Salmonella serovar Mbandaka strains isolated from animals, their feed and food products in Poland during the years 1995-1997

Wrazliwosc biotypow owsa gluchego [Avena fatua L.] na inhibitory ACC-azy