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Change of physical properties of biodegradable waste during decomposition

100%
Stejskal B.
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
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2012
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nr 1/IV
The article mentions results from changes of physical properties of composted material during the composting process. Composting conditions in compost pile were simulated in five vessels with volume of 90 m3 under home conditions. Composted material was variously modified (mixing and turning, moistening, adding fresh material) during the composting process. Temperature and oxygen concentration inside vessels were measured, as well as reduction in volume of compost material during time, pH and electric conductivity of selected compost. It appeared that the temperature of the compost material in small volume in the compost pile was lower than the requirement for hygienization of the composted material. The temperature higher than 50°C was measured only sporadically and already during the first week of the experiment temperatures inside the vessels corresponded with outside temperatures. Oxygen concentration in all vessels was sufficient to ensure the aerobic process during the entire period of the experiment. The lowest measured oxygen concentration was higher than 10 %. These low values were measured only during the first week of the experiment, during the following weeks the oxygen concentrations exceeded 15% only with small exceptions. Reduction in volume of the composted material highly depended on whether the compost material was mixed and turned during the course of the composting process. Mixed and turned composted material was reducing its volume significantly, quicker than the composted material not being mixed and turned. The effect of moistening on the composted material was not proved. Measured pH values and electric conductivity (EC) values of the compost material from selected vessel K2 (composted material being mixed and turned, moistened, fresh compost material was not added) showed values fully corresponding with a quality well-matured compost. The average pH value was 7.76 with a standard deviation of 0.04 and the average EC value was 1.79 mS.cm-1 with a standard deviation of 0.27.
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Bio-waste composting as a part of rural development

100%
Stejskal B.
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
|
2010
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nr 11
One of the most serious problems of waste management in Czech Republic is the useful treatment of biodegradable municipal waste because EU Council Directive 1999/31/EC requires of member states to limit the amount of biodegradable waste deposited into landfill. Composting of biodegradable municipal waste can be a solution of this problem but there are many operational and economic problems. This article describes advantages and problems of bio-waste composting in rural conditions (of Czech Republic) at all parts of composting process, i.e. from bio-waste sorting and collection through bio-waste composting to utilization and sale of compost. Bio-waste composting in countryside brings many benefits. The waste is treated at the place of origin and it is possible to get the organic mass of compost back to the field with minimal transport distances. Decentralized waste treatment brings jobs to regions of a small rate of employment. It is necessary to solve many problems related to the process of composting. Quality of input raw material is the first of them. It was found that the amount of undesirable impurities in separately collected biodegradable municipal waste depends on the type of building density and the settlement size. By the measurement of 200 kg samples of sorted bio-waste it was showed that purity of waste sorting is much better in small villages than in rather big cities. Right size of composting plant is another question to discussion. A lot of small composting plants built for several villages allow waste treatment in the place of origin but just a big composting plant is rich enough to have adequate machine equipment. Of course, in this case transport distances are long. Compost selling is connected with other problems. Farmers usually do not want even high-quality compost because of the costs of compost application to the field (although missing of organic mass in the soil). Lots of low-quality compost is used as a reclaim material.
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Validation of biodegradable waste composting process based on the inactivation of Salmonella senftenberg W775

100%
Szala B., Paluszak Z.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2008
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tom 17
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nr 1
79-85
Due to frequent occurrence of pathogenic organisms in organic wastes, there is a need for a microbiological evaluation of the utilization process in the case of using them for agricultural purposes. The effectiveness of organic waste composting process using Kneer container technology was evaluated on the basis of Salmonella senftenberg W775 inactivation. The study was conducted during the spring, summer and autumn, placing specially prepared carriers in three layers of the composted biomass. In the top and middle layers the total elimination of the Salmonella rods was obtained. The inactivation rate of the bacteria in the bottom layer was slower.
4
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The effect of ProBio Original TM (EM-Farming TM) on the composting process of biodegradable waste; its influence on final product quality and quantity

80%
Hlisnikovsky L.
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
|
2011
|
nr 11
The aim of this experiment was to establish the effect of the ProBio OriginalTM preparation (hereinafter "preparation") on the composting process of biologically degradable waste in garden composters. The first stage of research was focused on the effect of different concentrations of the preparation onto the composting process in garden composters. Monitored parameters were the effect of the preparation on the course of temperatures during the composting process, material volume decrease and effect on the quality of the composted material. The input raw material was freshly cut grass provided by Centrální kompostárna (Central Composting Plant) Brno, a.s. The experiment was carried out in five garden composters (290 L) for a period of 13 weeks. Three composters were enriched with the preparation at different concentrations, two of them were reference composters. During the experiment, the course of the composting process was monitored (temperature, loss in material volume) as well as the compost quality (C/N ratio, nutrients, heavy metals).During the experiment, a positive influence was observed of the preparation on the course of temperature in the composters. The enriched composters reached in the mineralization phase the thermophilic temperature ranges for a period of two weeks. The rate of composted material volume reduction in the composters with the preparation was higher than that in the reference composters. Moreover, a positive effect of the preparation was observed on the compost quality. As compared with composts from the reference composters, Ca and Mg concentrations in the resulting compost from the enriched composters were higher. The effect of the preparation on the concentration of other nutrients was not demonstrated.
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