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Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Research of the biodegradability of degradable/biodegradable plastic material in various types of environments

100%
Adamcova D., Radziemska M., Fronczyk J., Zloch J., Vaverkova M. D.
Przegląd Naukowy. Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska
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2017
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tom 26
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nr 1[75]
Research of the biodegradability of degradable/biodegradable plastic material in various types of environments. Research was carried out in order to assess biodegradability of degradable/biodegradable materials made of HDPE and mixed with totally degradable plastic additive (TDPA additive) or made of polyethylene (PE) with the addition of pro-oxidant additive (d2w additive), advertised as 100% degradable or certified as compostable within various types of environments. Research conditions were: (i) controlled composting environment – laboratory-scale, (ii) real composting conditions – domestic compost bin, (iii) real composting conditions – industrial composting plant and (iv) landfill conditions. The results demonstrate that the materials made of HDPE and mixed with totally degradable plastic additive (TDPA additive) or made of polyethylene (PE) with the addition of pro- -oxidant additive (d2w additive) or advertised as 100% degradable did not biodegrade in any of the above-described conditions and remained completely intact at the end of the tests. Biodegradation of the certified compostable plastic bags proceeded very well in laboratory-scale conditions and in real composting conditions – industrial composting plant, however, these materials did not biodegrade in real composting conditions – domestic compost bin and landfill conditions.
2

Zastosowanie skrobi w produkcji wybranych wyrobow niespozywczych

84%
Leszczynski W.
Biuletyn Instytutu Ziemniaka
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1995
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nr 45
97-110
3
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Testing the biodegradability and biodegradation rates of degradable/biodegradable plastics within simulated environment

84%
Vaverkova M., Kotovicova J., Adamcova D.
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
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2011
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nr 12
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the biodegradability and biodegradation rates of ‘single-use' plastic bags available on the market and labeled as degradable/biodegradable. The test was carried out under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The project length was 20 months. The biodegradation results in the laboratory conditions demonstrate that none of the degradable/ biodegradable bags showed visual changes and/or were broken into pieces and none of them experienced any disintegration or degradation. The cellulose filter paper (CFP) completely degraded after 10 days in the aerobic conditions and after 5 month in the anaerobic conditions, implying that the conditions required for biodegradation to occur in a sampling environment were present.
4

Tworzywa biodegradalne zawierajace skrobie - technika, ekologia, ekonomia

67%
Walkowski A., Lewandowicz G.
Biuletyn Instytutu Ziemniaka
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1995
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nr 45
119-125
5

Polymer materials

67%
Zakowska H., Krzan A., Scandola M., Voevodina I., Horvat P., Ganczewski G.
Opakowanie
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2013
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nr 08
Before moving on to the definition and classifications of plastics, we have to understand the building blocks of plastics. Those are called polymers. In short polymers are large molecules made of repetitive units called monomers. They could have linear, branched or cross-linked structure. Linear polymers are often thermoplastic, that is to say they "are fusible in certain temperatures and also soluble in some solvents. Cross-linked polymers are infusible and insoluble. Polymers are widespread in nature. They are building material for plant and animal organisms. Starch, cellulose, proteins and chitin are all polymers. Other large group of polymers are synthetically made from petrochemical sources, natural gas and coal. All polymer groups are used in many industrial branches.
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