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The content of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Ht) and differential leukocyte count were examined in 720 samples of blood taken from the external jugular vein from 90 Polish ponnies, males and females more than 1.5 year old. The parameters were examined for two years in periods corresponding to four seasons of the year. Most of the examined parameters characterized a seasonal fluctuation. The higher values were noted in summer but the lowest ones in the winter period.
A population of 90 Polish ponnies, males and females in three age groups, 1st — 1.5—4.0 years old (46 animals), 2nd — 5—9 years old (23 animals), 3rd — 10 or more years old (21 animals) was examined. Haematological determinations were performed with blood from the external jugular vein in each season for 2 years. A total 720 blood samples were examined. Red blood cells content (RBC), white blood cells content (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Ht), mean concentration of haemoglobin in erythrocyte (MCHC), mean weight of haemoglobin in erythrocyte (MCH), mean volume of erythrocyte (MCV) and differential leukocyte count were examined. It was found that along with an increase of age of ponnies increase Hb, Ht, MCH, MCHC, MCV, number of neutrophils and acidophils and lower WBC and number of lymphocytes. The same trend in changes of blood parameters related to age is noted in other horse breeds.
Parameters of blood clotting were elaborated by examining 84 horses of various breeds, males and females ageing from 5 months to 25 years in four seasons of a year. The animals were situated in a few breeding centers. The following parameters were examined in blood taken from the external jugular vein: coagulation time of full blood, kaolin-kephaline time, protrombine and trombine time, content of fibrinogen and in 15 Polish ponnies additionally the level of antitrombine III. The results were statistically evalueted in the t-Student test. It was found that a mean coagulation time was 12 min., kaolin-kephaline time 120 sec., protrombine time 14 sec., trombine time 27 sec., level of fibrinogen 3.7 g/l, concentration of antitrombine III 20.4 iu/ml. These values were smaller in English fullblood horses. Moreover in females the trombine time (29.5 sec.) and the content of fibrinogen (3.93 g/l) is higher than in males (25.0 sec. and 3.41 g/l, respectively). The high content of plasma antitrombine III points that a slow course of blood coagulation is a species related phenomenon.
Coenzyme Q₁₀ may occur in the form of hydrogen peroxide-ubiquinone (CoQ₁₀), an intermediate semiquinone radical (CoQ₁₀H˙), and reduced ubiquinol (CoQ₁₀H₂). It is present mainly in the mitochondria of all cells, where it forms part of the respiratory chain (the primary element responsible for the energy metabolism of the cell). Acting as a conveyor of electrons in the respiratory chain, it is involved in the biosynthesis of ATP. In providing for the uncoupling protein of protons from fatty acids, it is involved in the process of thermogenesis. Moreover, coenzyme Q₁₀ can act synergistically with α-tocopherol in the regeneration of its active form. As the only antioxidant synthesized exogenously it has a positive effect on the state of biological membranes, protecting them from free radicals and the lipid peroxidation process. In addition, it prevents endothelial dysfunction and has a direct stabilizing effect on cell membranes. The use of statins in reducing serum lipids and cholesterol in the body or the anthracyclines in the treatment of cancer can cause a deficiency of coenzyme Q₁₀ in the body.
The examinations were done on 6 stalions, Polish ponnies, at a mean age of 7 years, 360—420 kg of b.w. in two mating seasons. The animals fed a natural diet (2 kg of oat and 5 kg of hay) of a mean content of Zn in the first season 21.84 mg/kg and 17.53 mg/kg in the second season. The number of red and white blood cells, content of haemoglobin, haematocrit, content of a total protein, activity of serum alkaline phosphatase, concentration of Zn, Cu and Ca in serum and in hairs (from thorax) was examined. It was found that the Zn deficient diet caused a deficit of this element in horses manifesting by a decrease of the Zn content in hairs, decrease o
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