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Bilirubin, an antioxidant in the blood, plays a role in protection from atherosclerosis. The level of bilirubin is highly correlated to the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Unconjugated bilirubin is conjugated with glucuronic acid through the reaction of uridine 5′-diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1). The interactions of CAD and the variations in the coding regions of the UGT1A1 gene have never been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of the UGT1A1 variant on the incidence of CAD. There were 135 participants in this study: 61 in the experimental group, who had CAD, and 74 in the control group, who did not have CAD. The blood samples from all 135 participants were collected and assayed to clarify the relationship between bilirubin and CAD. The assay of the polymerase chain reaction and the sequence of the UGT1A1 gene were examined to find the gene’s polymorphisms. The bilirubin levels for the participants in the control group were significantly higher than for the patients in the CAD group. Although the concentration of bilirubin in the UGT1A1 variant was higher than the wild type for the patients in the CAD group, there was no significant difference in the polymorphism of UGT1A1 between the patients in the CAD group and the participants in the control group.
Bobowiec R., Studziński T. and Sikorska M.: Effects of sodium taurocholate and sodium deyhdrocholate on bile flow and lipid and bilirubin secretion in sheep. Acta Physiol. Pol. The investigation was performed on 8 sheep with implanted catheters in the common bile duct and in the cystic duct. Sodium taurocholate and sodium dehydrocholate were infused into the jugular vein at the rate of 50 µmol/min for 20 min. Directly after the termination of the sodium taurocholate infusion, the volume of the secreted bile increased from 8.4-9 µl· kg⁻¹ · min⁻¹ to the highest mean value of 17.8 µl·kg⁻¹ , min⁻¹ , with a simultaneous increase in the concentration of cholates from 1.71 mmol/1 to 4.82 mmol/1 and bilirubin from 271.1 µmol/1 to 461.7 µmol/1. The concentration of cholesterol and phospholipids in the bile also increased, but did not reach statistically significant values. The infusion of sodium dehydrocholate caused an increase in the bile secretion to the highest mean value of 20.59 µ1 · kg⁻¹ · min⁻¹ with a simultaneous decrease in the concentration of bilirubin to 148.75 µmol/1, cholesterol to 233.0 µg/ml, phospholipids to 56.11 µg/ml and cholate to 1.0 mmol/1. The results show that biliary secretion of phospholipids, cholesterol and bilirubin is dependend on the secretion of sodium taurocholate rather than on dehydrocholic acid.
The aim of this study was to compare some blood biochemical indicators in cows with displacement of abomasum (DA) which recovered or died after treatment. Examinations were performed on 60 multiparous cows with left (L) or right (R) displacement and on 15 healthy herdmates. Diagnosis was made by experienced practitioners on the basis of clinical examination. Surgical treatment was undertaken during the first 24 hours after diagnosis. Almost all animals (55 = 91.5%) became sick in the post parturient period (21 days p.p. on average) with the exception of 5 (8.3%) that became sick later. Blood samples were taken from each cow immediately before surgical procedure. Serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), glucose (Glu), cholesterol (Chol), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (Bil) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. Sick animals were characterized by low mean values of Chol (≤ 2 mmol/l) and normal level of BUN (12-15 mg/dl), higher levels of NEFA (> 600 μmol/l) and Bil (> 22 μmol/l), higher activity of AST (> 100 U/l). Seven cows (11.67%) died after surgical correction and all others recovered. No significant differences in NEFA, Chol, AST, Bil and BUN levels were observed as dependent on the efficacy of treatment (survival, deaths). It was found that cows which died after surgical treatment were characterized by significant higher levels of glucose (5.05 mmol/l) compared to surviving cows (2.93 mmol/l).
Przebadano wpływ mleczka pszczelego i pyłku kwiatowego na przebieg zatrucia benzenem w warunkach kontrolowanej ekspozycji inhalacyjnej.
Cadmium is a dangerous occupational and environmental toxin. It accumulates in the human organism mainly in liver and kidneys. Cadmium half-life is about 10 years, so the symptoms of cadmium intoxication may occur several years after the exposure. Until now in treating intoxication with this metal chelating compounds have been used, burdened with numerous undesirable symptoms. In our investigations antho- cyanins from Aronia melanocarpa were used to reduce the harmful results caused by cadmium. Administering anthocyanins with cadmium chloride resulted in a statisti­cally significant decrease of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine amino­transferase (ALT) activity, concentration of bilirubin and urea in blood serum and de­creased cadmium cumulation in liver and kidneys in relation to animals receiving cadmium chloride only.
The effect of the Panax ginseng powder extract on reproduction, growth, renal and liver functions and some blood biochemical indices of Japanese quails were investigated. Panax ginseng powder extract at 2 mg and 4 mg/bird daily increased egg number per hen, average egg weight and hatchability. It slightly improved the efficiency of feed utilization and increased the levels of serum total protein, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate amino transferase (AST). The extract decreased significantly the levels of albumin, total lipids, triacylglycerols, cholesterol and glucose, and had no effect on body weight and the levels of serum bilirubin, urea and creatinine. This suggests that long term studies should be done on many different biochemical and physiological parameters and laboratory animals.
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