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Vaccinium uliginosum L., as a species associated with raised bogs and marshy coniferous forests, belongs to rare and endangered species in Wielkopolska. This paper presents results of research on the resources and condition of the population of this species on the isolated site within the “Bagna” near Chlebowo in northern Wielkopolska (western Poland). The results indicate that this population is declining.
Concentrations of the elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured in the leaves of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and the soil in which it grew. Concentration of total phenolics in bilberry leaves was also determined. Soil and leaves were sampled at polluted site situated 10–13 km northeast of copper smelter at Głogów (SW Poland) and at a relatively clean site. Soil at the vicinity of the Cu-smelter contained significantly more Cu, Pb, Cd, S, and significantly less Mn, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni than the non-polluted soil. Bilberry leaves from polluted site contained significantly higher concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, S, Fe and Cr and significantly lower concentrations of Mn and Zn. Furthermore, they had significantly higher level of total phenolics as compared with bilberry leaves from non-polluted site. Stepwise regression analysis enabled the identification of the leaf variables that best explain the variance pattern of the total foliar phenolics. This method indicated that the level of total phenolics in bilberry leaves increased with increasing concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd and S, and decreasing level of Mn and Zn in leaves. Total foliar phenolics in bilberry in the investigated area might be a suitable indicator of stress caused by environmental pollution of heavy metal and sulfur.
In this paper the content of Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd was studied in forest floor plants of Puszcza Biaµa Forest. Test plants used were lichens, mosses, club-mosses, ferns, convallaria, and bilberries. Puszcza Biaµa Forest belongs to a region free from pollution by heavy metals. Higher content of manganese, as compared with iron, was found in the following plants: Cladonia clavatum (wolf's claw), Dryopteris filix-mas (shield fern), Convalaria maialis (convallaria), and Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry). In lichens and mosses the proportion was the opposite: they contained more iron than manganese. The stated concentration of Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd was very little differentiated considering particular plant species of forest floor. And those were appreciated at the natural level, typical for the unpolluted area of Poland.
This paper presents the results of determination of artificial 137Cs and natural 40K activity concentrations in plants (bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and moss (Polytrichum commune)) and in soil samples from two main Tatra Valleys; Kościeliska and Rybi Potok Valley. The data were obtained during two years (2001- 02). These plants are known a as good bio-monitors for radioceasium [1,2 ]. It is known that 137Cs and 40K isotopes play important roles in the environment, due to their good assimilation by plants. The transfer of these elements from soil to plant depends of many factors: type of soil, organic matter contents, pH, type of plants. In this paper some results concerning the transfer of 137 Cs and 40K isotopes from various types of Tatra soil to moss or bilberry are shown.
Owoce borówek i malin poddano suszeniu sublimacyjnemu, a następnie przechowywano 270 dni. Po suszeniu oraz w trakcie przechowywania kontrolowano barwę próbek oraz wilgotność i aktywność wody. Stwierdzono znaczne zmiany barwy malin wywołane odwodnieniem (rozjaśnienie barwy) i przechowywaniem (pociemnienie barwy), świadczące o przebiegających przemianach chemicznych związków barwnych. Suszenie borówek w stanie zamrożenia oraz długotrwałe przechowywanie nie spowodowały znaczących zmian barwy tych owoców.
The qualitative and quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contamination in selected popular brands of fruit and herbal teas was performed using GC-MS method. Among all teas similar quality profiles of PAHs were observed. In all determined compounds 4 light PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene) from the group of PAHs listed by EPA were predominant. From group of 15 PAHs, marked out for analysis by The UE Scientific Committee on Food, only benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, 5-metylchrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[k]fluoranthene were stated, although, their levels were relatively low. Benzo[a]pyrene and the most carcinogenic PAHs, namely dibenzopyrenes, were not detected. Moreover, the GC-MS analysis revealed significant differences in contamination level of particular brands of teas among all fruit and herbal teas under investigation.
The content of polyphenols compounds in leaves in populations of red whortleberry (Vac- cinium vitis- idaea L.), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva- ursi (L.) Sprengel) growing wild in Mazury and Podlasie were compared. *7 The highest content of arbutin and tannins was characteristic for bearberry leaves, the highest content of polyphenolic acids was characteristic for bilberry and flavonoids for red whortleberry. Significantly higher content of arbutin and tannins was characteristic for raw materials collected in autumn.
Materiał badawczy stanowiły owoce aronii, borówki czernicy i porzeczki czarnej o dojrzałości konsumpcyjnej. W owocach scharakteryzowano składniki dietetyczne - błonnik detergentowy kwaśny (ADF) i pektyny, składniki bioaktywne - związki fenolowe ogółem i antocyjany. Określono ponadto aktywność wiązania rodnika syntetycznego α,α-difenyl-ß-pikrylhydrazylowego (DPPH) i rodników hydroksylowych (OH) przez wyciągi metanolowe z owoców.
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