This paper presents information on swine dysentery and swine proliferative enteropathy. The role of porcine Torque teno virus (TTSuV) and porcine astrovirus (PAstV) in the etiology of grow-finish pigs is also mentioned. The review is based on the presentations from the 22nd International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, which took place in June 2012 in South Korea. The etiological significance of Brachyspira species was characterized: Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae is a major pathogen in swine dysentery, B. pilosicoli and B. intermedia cause milder colitis, whereas B. murdochii and B. innocens are not pathogenic. For the identification of the species of the genus Brachyspira, several PCR-based assays were proposed, as well as a test involving the amplification of a highly variable region of the Brachyspira NADH Oxidase (nox) gene with PCR and then sequencing this PCR product for species identification. The results of these tests suggest that a potentially virulent new species of Brachyspira has been discovered, circulating among swine herds in North America. In relation to proliferative enteropathy, also a disease of the finishers, new laboratory diagnostic tests were presented and evaluated. Fecal PCR analysis, however, was not sufficiently sensitive for the diagnosis of all infections. Serological diagnostic methods were mentioned and evaluated, particularly for monitoring subclinically affected herds. Necropsy followed by the specific identification of L. intracellularis in the lessons by immunohistochemistry is the gold standard for a definitive diagnosis of proliferative enteropathy. According to the papers on porcine astrovirus (PoAstV) and Torque teno sus virus (TTsUV), these viruses have a high prevalence in fecal samples from pigs with clinical diarrhea. Further research is necessary, however, for any definite conclusions on their role in causing diarrhea in pigs.
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