The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of somatic cell count and the polymorphic form of β4-defensin on the concentration of free fatty acids (FFA) and physico-chemical characteristics of cow’s milk. The study was carried out on 120 Polish Holstein-Friesian Black and White dairy cows.The animals were maintained in a loose barn and fed with the TMR system according to the INRA norm. The animals were divided into groups according to their polymorphic form of the defensin β4 gene: 1st – CT (def-1); 2nd – CC (def-2) and into two groups in terms of their somatic cell count:1st - <3×105 (SCC-1) and 2nd – 3×105 – 6×105 (SCC-2) cell/ml. Milk samples were collected once a month during the whole lactation. Chemical composition and some physico-chemical parameters of milk were determined by automated infrared analysis with a Milkoscan FT2 instrument. SCC were evaluated using BactoCaunt IBCm. A relationship was found between polymorphic forms of the defensin gene and the level of FFA in milk directly after milking (CT
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