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Composition of sterol fraction and content of identified compounds in herb of fireweed (Chamaenerion angustifolium fU Scop.) and leaves of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) obtained from several populations of these species growing wild in Poland were determined by HPLC. The investigated species differed in respect of the composition and content of identified sterols. High intraspecific variability concerning accumulation of sterols was also observed. Herb of fireweed was characterised by relatively high content of p-sitosterol (85.80-171.18 mg/100 g), campesterol (24.24-334.49 mg/100 g), and p-sitosterol D-glucoside (26.33-86.32 mg/100 g). Leaves of evening primrose appeared to be much poorer source of sterols. Content of |3-sitosterol (the dominant compound in the sterol fraction) in this raw material ranged from 5.21 to 34.66 mg/100 g.
β-sitosterol and two triterpenoids: ursolic acid acetate and platanic acid have been isolated from ethanolic extract of Vitex trifola leaves. β-sitosterol was previously isolated from the leaves, stem and seeds of Vitex trifolia. Ursolic acid acetate has been isolated for the first time in this plant species. Platanic acid has been reported for the first time in Vitex trifolia and even in the family of this plant: Verbenaceae. These compounds were characterized using spectroscopic methods including 1D-1HNMR, 13CNMR, ESIMS and 2D-NMR (HSQC, HMBC, COSY) experiments and confirmed by comparison of their NMR data with those from the literature. A preliminary molluscicidal test for ethanol, chloroform and n-hexane extracts of leaves of Vitex trifolia against Biomphalaria alexandrina adult snails showed that ethanol extract of leaves with LC50 value 26.42 mg/l (27.92 mg/l – 24.99 mg/l) was more effective than n-hexane extract with LC50 value 35.48 mg/l (43.81 mg/l – 28.72mg/l) and chloroform extract with LC50 value 46.77 mg/l (53.59 mg/l – 43.81 mg/l) after 24 h exposure.
The content and composition of fatty acids and sterols in the seed oil of two cultivated evening primrose species (Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok, 0. glazioviana Micheli in Mart.) and two willow herb species (Epilobium tetragonum L., E. hirsutum L.) were compared. A GC analysis of the evening primrose seed oil resulted in identifying five fatty acids (pal­mitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and y-linolenic acids), with linoleic and y-linolenic acids as dominant compounds. In the willow herb seed oil six fatty acids were identified (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, y-linolenic and a-linolenic acids) with palmitic and linoleic acids as dominant compounds. An HPLC analysis indicated the presence of four free sterols in the evening primrose seed oil and five in the willow herb seed oil. ß-sitosterol and brassicast- erol appeared to be the main sterols in seed oils of the investigated species.
Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn. f. of the family Lamiaceae is an important and well known medicinal plant in Ayurveda and Siddha system of medicines. To ensure identity, quality of the plant material and considering the wide therapeutic application of L-DOPA, lupeol and β-sitosterol, the present study was planned to quantify these marker constituents by TLC method. The amount of L-DOPA, lupeol and β-sitosterol quantified from the leaves of C. phlomidis were 0.06806, 0.01733 and 0.06324 % w/w, respectively. This TLC procedure may be used effectively for identity, quality evaluation as well as quantitative determination for this plant or its derived products.
Ursolic acid and β-sitosterol were isolated from Viburnum opulus L. leaves with the use of column chromatography. Their structure was determined by spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR). Other sterols and triterpenes in fractions obtained from benzine and chloroform extracts from V. opulus L. leaves were examined using TLC, GC, GC/MS methods. Following triterpenes there were identified: α-amyrin, β-amyrin, as well as sterols: campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol. The qualitative analysis of benzine and chloroform extract from V. opulus L. flowers has indicated the presence of β-sitosterol and ursolic acid.
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