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The aim of the study was to evaluate the composition of beneficial insects and mites in selected orchards. In 2008 and 2009, the observations were carried out in several dozen of orchards (of apple, pear, cherry, sweet cherry, plum, peach and apricot) located in different region of Poland. Phytoseiidae, Tydeidae and Tarsonemidae mites were found in majority of examined fruit trees. The predatory mites from family Stigmaeidae occurred mainly in organic apple orchards. Beneficial mites were not found on pear trees. In samples collected with the limb jarring method, a high number of spiders, coccinelids, predatory bugs were recorded. Earwings and parasitic wasps were represented in a lower number.
Plant communities which form orchard edges are a vital element of ecological infrastructure enriching these agrocenoses. The research was conducted in an orchard environment made up of apple orchards and their edges in the form of agricultural cultivations, tree clumps and a road lined with trees and shrubberies. The study aim was to determine the impact of the orchard edge plant diversity onto the number and abundance of Ichneumonidae subfamilies in the orchards. The study showed that orchard environments made up of an apple orchard and edge plants of various species create better living conditions for Ichneumonidae parasitoids than the environment of an orchard and neighbouring agricultural cultivations. The diversity of orchard edge plants positively influences the abundance of the Ichneumonidae subfamilies rather than the number of subfamilies in the orchard. In the orchard habitat the following dominant subfamilies were found: Campopleginae, Cryptinae, Orthocentrinae and Pimplinae. These entomophages may control the abundance of pests infesting orchards.
Observations on the species composition of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) were conducted in the years 2008–2009 in the collection of plants of the genus Allium spp. belonging to Laboratory of Plant Genetic Resources in the Skierniewice IW (UTM: DC 45). Ground beetles were collected using the Barber’s soil traps. In the first year of the study were captured a total of 1 277 adults of Carabidae, in the next year 1 197 ones. The most numerous species trapped were: Bembidion properans (Stephens), B. quadrimaculatum (Linnaeus), Harpalus affinis (Schrank).
Willow crop create good conditions for sludge utilization. The aim of the study was to determinate the differences in abundance of epigeal ground beetles, rove beetles, and arachnids on Salix viminalis plantation fertilised with hygienised sludge. In both years of the study, arachnids were the most abundant group of collected arthropods. They were significantly more numerous in fertilised field in comparison to untreated one. Beetles’ response to products used in the study was opposite to arachnids. Both ground beetles and rove beetles were less abundant in case of fertilisation.
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