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Effect of peeling and cooking methods on quality of beetroots were studied. Six different cooking methods were used: in pot starting with cold and boiling water, in pressure cooker in water and in steam, in acuthermal pot and in microwave oven. The best nitrates and nitrites elution were obtained during cooking beetroots in big amounts of water (in pot starting with cold and boiling water and in pressure cooker in water). Beetroots cooked by these methods received the lowest scores in sensory quality (especially colour). Because beetroots are very popular mostly for their colour these methods shouldn’t be used to cook this product. To save specific colour of beetroots it's better to use cooking methods with small amounts of water (in pressure cooker in steam, in acuthermal pot, in microwave oven).
High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a well known method currently used for food preservation. Nevertheless this treatment can also cause sublethal injury of foodborne pathogen cells, which could repair and become potentially dangerous for consumers. The survival of Listeria innocua CIP80.11T, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and the wild strains isolated from beetroot juice after HHP treatment (200 MPA, 300 MPa and 400 MPa) as well as the level of sublethal injuries in the surviving cells were investigated in this study. Lethal effect was reported after treatment at 400 MPa for the most of strains. The maximum level of sublethal injuries was reported after 5 minutes under pressure 300 MPa (L. innocua) and 400 MPa (E.coli).
Introduction.A diet enriched with inorganic nitrates by increasing nitrite plasma levels, has been described to benefit exercise performance, blood pressure, endothelial function, and other body functions. It was also proven that additional dietary polyphenols, e.g. red wine or fruits such as strawberries, currants and berries, significantly stimulate the NO₃⁻ – NO₂⁻ – NO metabolic pathway. Aim of Study. A double-blind crossover study was performed to evaluate the influence of 8-day nitrate-rich (5.1 mmol NO₃⁻ ) juice supplementation (C – carrot juice versus B/A – beetroot juice with chokeberry addition) on blood pressure and exercise tolerance in female swimmers. Material and Methods. Eleven female swimmers volunteered for the study (age 20.9 ± 1.3 years). A two-part freestyle swimming exercise test was performed: the anaerobic part consisting of six 50 meter maximal sprints, and the endurance part consisting of an 800 meter continuous swim. Blood Pressure (BP) and Heart Rate (HR) at rest, performance time of all the distances, and peak HR after both test parts were assessed. Results. There were no significant differences in blood pressure and heart rate at rest between two measurement terms. Improvements in 50 meter sprint performance were noted in later repetitions (3-6) of the anaerobic part of the test, and they were more pronounced after B/A juice supplementation. The significant increase in the 800 meter freestyle swim performance was obtained after consuming both juices. However, during C juice supplementation this improvement was accompanied by a significant increment in peak heart rate. Conclusions. 8-day supplementation with beetroot juice with chokeberry addition increases exercise tolerance in both, repeated, maximal and endurance swims. Ergogenic effects of carrot juice with a high nitrate content seem to be possible in young female swimmers, but they still require further research.
The inactivation and sublethal injury of two strains of Listeria innocua (one collection strain and one wild strain isolated from beetroot juice) suspended in beetroot juice and in model solutions, after high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) were investigated. Changes within the population assessed by plating count methods of both L. innocua strains suspended in a buffer pH 4.0 were more noticeable than in the natural beetroot juice environment. In beetroot juice the lethal effect was reported after 1 min of pressure treatment at 400 MPa for the collection strain. In the case of the wild type strain, exposure to the maximal parameters of the compression process (400 MPa, 10 min) decreased the population number below 1 log (CFU/mL) but did not cause complete injury. The collection strain of L. innocua was easier to inactivate in beetroot juice than the strain isolated from this environment. The maximum level of sublethal injury was observed when the cells were suspended in a buffer pH 7.0. Structural damage in cell membranes after HHP processing was observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of mineral NPK, Mg and micronutrient fertilisation on the content of macroelements and root yield of a sugar beet cultivar called Khazar. The effects of three fertilisation levels were assessed. Additionally, the highest NPK dose was analysed in treatments with NPK + Mg and micronutrients (B, Cu, Zn, Mn). The increasing level of NPK fertilisation as well as the nutrition with magnesium and micronutrients caused an increase in root yield. The highest yield of roots was achieved by beet plants fertilised with the high NPK dose combined with magnesium, boron, copper and zinc. It was demonstrated that roots fertilised with the 3NPK dose and magnesium tended to accumulate more N-total. At the same time, the applied micronutrients contributed to a decline in the N-total content of dry matter in roots. The analysed fertilisation with NPK and micronutrients did not affect the content of phosphorus, potassium and calcium in either of the two beet organs. In general, beet leaves were characterised by higher concentrations of nutrients than roots.
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