Germination and viability of stored European beech (Fagus sylvatica) seeds can vary depending upon the time when the tests are done during seed storage. To determine the possible sources of such variation the germination (GERM), germination rate expressed as mean germination time (MGT) and viability (VIAB) of six beechnut lots (three lots from two crop years) were determined monthly for one year using controlled laboratory conditions and standard tests. Higher GERM of some lots occurred when tests for stored seeds were carried out in spring and early autumn while other lots germinated better during summer tests. Similarly, different germination speed (dormancy release) and VIAB were observed in different months for different lots. However, no consistent seasonal fluctuation in GERM, MGT or VIAB of the beechnuts was observed in the tests. The reason for this fluctuation seems to be initial quality (germination and dormancy) of beechnut lots rather than any endogenous factors
In this study, both the morphological maturation and germination ability of the Oriental beechnut were investigated two months prior to seed dispersal to find out the appropriate period of ripened beechnut collection. Beechnuts were collected in the seed stand, Dokurcun-Adapazari, on August 21, September 9, and September 25 on trees, and on October 16, 2003, from the ground after the major seed fall. Germination percentages were 18.0%, 80.5%, 92.0%, and 94.7% on August 21, September 9, September 25, and October 16, respectively. Similarly, both beechnut weight and the embryo:beechnut weight ratio significantly increased with time and reached an approximate maximum level at September 25, 2–3 weeks prior to seed dispersal. This outcome indicates that ripened beechnuts can be collected from the trees, 15–20 days prior to major seed dispersal. The study also indicates that ripened Oriental beechnuts have physiological dormancy and need about 8–10 weeks chilling at 3°C for germination.