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Bee pollen is a product of rich and varied chemical composition, and its biological activities are diverse. Many of these activities are related to the antioxidant effect of bee pollen. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of storage conditions on the antioxidant activity of bee pollen extracts. The study was conducted on three types of bee pollen extracts, namely, ethanol and pepsin extracts of bee pollen, as well as on ethanol extracts of pepsin-digested bee pollen. Antioxidant activity was determined by a DPPH method, directly after obtaining the extracts and after storing them for twelve months under various conditions, i.e. at –18°C in the dark, at 4-8°C in the dark, at room temperature in the dark, and at room temperature in the light. It was concluded that the 12-month storage of bee pollen extracts caused a decrease in the antioxidant activity of all extracts examined, and the decrease depended on storage conditions. The highest decrease in antioxidant activity was observed in all types of extracts stored at room temperature in the light. The lowest decrease in antioxidant activity was found in ethanol extracts of pepsin-digested bee pollen.
Bee pollen belongs to bee products that are characterized by high nutritional value and biotic activity. These characteristics result from the wide variety of compounds that bee pollen contains. Our study determined the effects of storage conditions of bee pollen extracts on polyphenol content. The study was conducted with the use of three types of bee pollen extracts, namely ethanol extracts, enzymatic hydrolysates from pollen, and ethanol extract of pepsin-digested bee pollen. Polyphenol content in the studied extracts was determined immediately after extraction and after 12-month storage. We have concluded that 12- month storage of bee pollen extracts decreases polyphenol concentration in all three types of extracts, and the changes depend on the storage conditions.
A total of ninety white storks (Ciconia ciconia) of both sexes aged over one year of life and at a body weight between 2.8-4.15 kg were subjects for observations. They were collected from the Warmia and Masuria region, and were rehabilitees of The Wild Birds Rehabilitation Center (Bukwald, Poland). The storks formed a group of birds that had wing damage like broken bones and were unable to fly. According to the severity of the case storks underwent three different kinds of treatment. Light cases of motion disability were submitted to wing or leg stabilization with adhesive bandages (treatment I), while middle and severe cases were additionally submitted to the administration of one (treatment II) or two capsules (treatment III) of propolis and pollen bee preparation (Apipol Farma’s Propolis Plus®) for two weeks, respectively. After the convalescence period a total of twenty three white storks did not recover and were euthanized and dissected. Post mortem samples of pectoral and femoral muscles as well as liver and kidney samples were taken. Mercury concentration was analyzed and the results revealed that the level in the kidneys and liver of white storks not receiving propolis preparation were significantly higher than that of those from treatment II and III. Contrary to this, the mercury concentration recorded in the pectoral and femoral muscles of the birds of treatment II and treatment III were significantly higher than that of the treatment without propolis preparation. The results showed that propolis and pollen bee preparation can reduce the level of mercury in kidneys and liver, but has no influence on the reduction of mercury in pectoral and femoral muscles.
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