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The study was aimed at investigating whether keeping colonies on small-cell combs (cell width of 4.93 mm), in combination with natural selection resulting from the lack of V. destructor treatment, leads to an intensification of hygienic behaviour. We also sought to determine whether the very transfer of colonies treated against V. destructor (without natural selection) onto small-cell combs causes an intensification of hygienic behaviour. Hygienic behaviour was monitored in both varroatosis-treated and untreated colonies kept on small-cell combs, as well as in two control groups consisting respectively of varroatosis-treated and untreated colonies kept on combs with standard size cells (cell width of 5.56 mm). Regardless of whether they had been treated or not, the colonies kept on the small-cell combs removed dead pupae (needle test) faster than the colonies kept on the standard-cell combs, both treated and untreated. In this way, we demonstrated that hygienic behaviour can be intensified by transferring colonies onto small-cell combs, even without natural survival selection resulting from the lack of treatment against V. destructor. The practical use of this method, however, requires further studies of various bee populations, as they may differ significantly in the intensity of hygienic behaviour and, possibly, in their aptitude for being kept on small-cell combs.
The study compares honey production in bee colonies with instrumentally inseminated and naturally mated queens. Poland has a special place in the world in terms of the numbers of instrumentally inseminated queens. Our country uses more of them than all other countries taken together. The dense distribution pattern of apiaries in Poland prevents any control over natural mating, while at the same time many bee-keepers who look for valuable breeding material decide to use instrumentally inseminated queens in their honey-making colonies. The cost of purchasing an instrumentally inseminated queen should be compensated by an increased productivity of the colony. The study was aimed at determining whether that was possible. The comparison was carried out at a large professional apiary in the season of 2008. Two comparison groups were created of 12 colonies each. Honey was harvested 3 times during the season. The average production of honey in the group with in-strumentally inseminated queens significantly exceeded average production in that with naturally mated queens.
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