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Ninety-nine different lines of the Doubled-Haploid F2 winter barley population W766 ('Angora’ x 'W704/137') were genetically fingerprinted using AFLP, microsatellite, morphological and resistance markers. A preliminary map consisting of seven linkage groups is presented. The map contains a highly distorted region on the long arm of chromosome 3H reflecting preselection of the genotypes for resistance against barley mild mosaic virus. QTL analysis of morphological and phenological traits yielded 99 significant QTL, with most traits (66.3%) being represented by a single QTL. The distribution of significant QTL over the chromosomes was very uneven, the bulk being placed on the long arm of chromosome 3H and no QTL being found on chromosome 4H. This possibly points to the presence of a strong pleiotropic gene on 3H or of a group of related genes that mask weaker effects that were found on other linkage groups as subsignificant QTL. Using two examples of detected QTL (for tillering and grain number), it is shown how the findings of the QTL analysis could be incorporated into an existing morphological simulation model of barley using simple statistical methods.
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The usefulness of mutagenic treatment to enlarge isozymic variability of barley and the use of induced mutants for genetic analysis were evaluated. N-methyl-N-nitroso urea, sodium azide and gamma rays were employed as mutagenic agents. Electrophoretic assays of 3848 M₂ seedlings obtained by chemical mutagenic treatment of the spring barley cultivars Dema, Aramir, Bielik and 3100 M₂ seedlings obtained by physical mutagenic treatment of the cv. Dema revealed 70 isozymic mutants, which represent 30 separate mutants in 25 M₁ plants. Most of mutations (27) were induced by chemical mutagen at polymorphic esterase loci. The occurrence of induced mutants at monomorphic loci, Got2 and Lap2, made it possible to perform genetic analysis of those loci in barley including mapping respective genes within chromosomes.
In the presented hybridization programme of barley cultivars and rye inbred lines including 48 cross combinations the seed set ranged from 3.13 to 92.98%, while embryos were formed in 0.74 to 36.36% in successful pollinations. Sixty five plants were generated by embryo callus culture and one - by embryo culture without callus formation. The hybrids had somatic chromosome numbers 2n=14 (60 plants) and 2n=28 (6 plants). Plants obtained via embryo callus culture showed good vegetative vigour and well-developed root system. Spike morphology of all plants resembled that of rye. Meiosis in 17 diploids showed 0.13-0.63 barley-barley and rye-rye bivalents with a chiasma frequency of 0.14-0.69 per cell. The heteromorphic bivalent-like configurations occurred in five plants in 0.01-0.02 per cell. The amphidiploids had 7.79-10.71 barley-barley and rye-rye bivalents with a chiasma frequency of 9.36-17.75 per cell. All plants, with 14 and 28 chromosomes, were completely sterile both in backcrosses and when selfed.
The inheritance of resistance to loose smut (Ustilago nuda) in seven cultivars of spring barley has been examined. The performed studies showed that, resistance to two different groups of U. nuda races in respect of their virulence is determined by a single allele pair in the cvs. Anoidium and Inerme 2-r and by two allele pairs in the cvs. CI 13 662, Dorsett, Jet and OAC 21. In the cv. Abyssinian, resistance to a group of races 2 is determined by a single allele pair, whereas that to a group of races 4 - by two allele pairs. In all studied cultivars (except Anoidium) the resistance dominates over sensitivity. Resistance to the both studied groups of U. nuda races is determined by similar genes in the cvs. Dorsett and CI 13 662, as well as in Dorsett and OAC21, and additionally to a group of races 4 in the cvs. Abyssinian and OAC 21. No similarity was found between resistance genes in the case of two allele pairs in the cvs. Jet, Abyssinian and CI 13 662 (group of races 4) as well as in Jet, Dorsett and OAC 21 (in both groups of races), and in the case of a single allele pair in the cvs. Inerme-2-rowed and Abyssinian (group races 2).
Field studies were carried out in the 2004 – 2005 growing seasons. The mycological analysis of malting barley (varieties Prestige and Sezam) grains was performed twice: on seeds stored for 30 days and on seeds stored for fi ve months. The infl uence of fungicide treatment on species diversity and the amount of fungal pathogens on kernels of both varieties of malting barley were determined in the studies. Main fungal pathogens of both varieties of malting barley were fi eld fungal species, such as: Alternaria alternata, Epicocum purpurascens, and fungi of the genus Fusarium. The extension of the grain storage period to fi ve months resulted in an increased share of pathogenic species.
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