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Narastająca antybiotykooporność bakterii, w tym szczepów z rodzaju Salmonella, skłania do poszukiwania alternatywnych czynników antybakteryjnych. Przedstawiono wyniki izolacji z próbek środowiskowych bakteriofagów litycznych w stosunku do szczepów Salmonella Enteritidis, zakres ich działania oraz zróżnicowanie genetyczne.
The article presents the biology of bacteriophages and their diagnostic and therapeutic applications, including recombinants with the use of the phage display method. Clinical efficacy of phage therapy, especially in cases of antibiotic-resistant infections, including those complicated by MRSA strains, are underlined. The article also discusses the results of experimental studies, which can provide directions for future investigations and therapeutic applications of bacteriophages.
The increasing resistance of bacteria to available antibiotics constitutes one of the greatest challenges in intensive fish culture. The growing problem of chemotherapeutic resistance has revived interest in the potential use of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) for therapy of bacterial diseases in fish. Bacteriophages are viruses specific for bacterial strains and are natural regulators of bacterial populations in waters. In the present study, we determined the influence of specific bacteriophages on mortality percentages after experimental challenges with the pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout. Healthy rainbow trout, weighing 50-100 g were used in the study. Bafador-1 with 1x108 PFU/ml or 1x109 PFU/ml concentrations of bacteriophages were used in immersion or injection at 12,24, or 48 h after experimental infections. The results showed that Bafador-1 reduced mortality after application in immersion or injection at a concentration of 1 LVm3 of water, or 0.2 ml per fish. The three experimental studies presented indicated that Bafador-1 is very effective in reducing mortality after experimental infection with the pathogenic bacteria A. hydrophila. The preliminary study showed that specific bacteriophages are very effective in specific therapy of bacterial diseases in fish.
Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections have caused serious therapeutic problem in medicine and veterinary practice. Resistance to antibiotics is currently increasing, which is related to, among other factors, the capability of bacteria to produce specific enzymes rendering them resistant to most available antibiotics. Renewed interest in the possibilities of using bacteriophages, viruses that can attack and destroy bacterial cells, in antibacterial therapy in humans and animals has been observed in many countries. Phage therapy of bacterial infections in humans has been conducted by our Institute since 1980. The most successful results were obtained in cases of meningitis, furunculosis, otitis media, cancer, and septicemia (100% of patients). Experimental phage therapy in animals is provided by many centers. Successful therapeutic and protective phage therapy has been observed in calves, piglets, lambs, chickens and mice. Our results on the phage treatment of colibacterosis in foxes, piglets and balanoposithis in bears have demonstrated its high effectiveness. A study on phage preparates for their use in bovine mastitis is currently underway.
Reports by the WHO emphasise the disturbing reoccurrence of dangerous infectious diseases threatening in the past and the concurrent resilience of pathogens to antibiotics which hinders, or even prevents, combating them. Under such circumstances, new effective solutions should be sought, and using bacteriophage, natural enemies of bacteria, may be such a solution. The author presents the history of studies on bacteriophage, their application in therapy and its prospects.
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