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Amangst 138 epiphytic bacterial isolates originating from hazel leaves 12 isolates limited the growth of B. cinerea, 33 limited the growth of C. corylicola, 31 inhibited the growth of G. coryli and 36 isolates showed antagonistic activity against Phomopsis sp. in-vitro. It was found that 9 isolates limited the growth of all the pathogenes tested and 7 isolates inhibited the growth of at least 3 out of them. The abilities of bacterial isolates tested to limit of the pathgenes growth were higher after 4 days of the biotic influence than after 8 days. Isolates of bacteria with the highest inhibitory activity against the above – mentioned pathogenes were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp. and Enterobacter, Citobacter, Klebsiella or Erwinia cypripedii.
Antagonistic activity of 63 bacterial isolates, originating from soil and apple leaves, against Venturia inaequalis was studied in dual culture on PDA medium. Based on measurement of inhibition zones, 16 isolates appeared to be most active. Three of them /57M, 59M (Pseudomonas spp.) and 103M (Collimonas sp.), significantly protected apple trees against apple scab on Gala trees in the net-glasshouse. Of 6 ethanol plant extracts (sage leaf, rhizomes of Potentilla, oak and willow bark and the aboveground parts of St. John's-wort and tetterwort), the highest activity in inhibition of V. inaequalis conidia germination, even after 10- and 20-fold dilution in water, showed extract from rhizomes of Potentilla. Applied at two concentrations (5 and 10%) on Gala apple trees it totally protected leaves against apple scab.
Phytophthora pathogens cannot be controlled with well−known fungicides, because as oomycetes they do not synthesize chitin and ergosterol. Phytopathogenic microorganisms of Phytophthora genus offers an alternative to pesticides. The aim of the study was to understand the interactions among the host silver birch (Betula pendula), a common forest tree species in Polish lowlands and in lower mountain locations, and its primary pathogen Phytophthora plurivora as well as potential Biological Control Agents Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma asperellum. The 2−year−old silver birch seedlings were selected for this experiment. Interactions between P. plurivora and B. subtilis, producing peptide antibiotics including polymyxin B and subtiline, stimulated growth of birch seedlings. Comparing to the control a stimulation of both height and root collar diameter of plants was observed when B. subtilis was added into the soil of pots. It is a saprophyte, decomposing organic compounds of plant origin. However, the application of bacterium into the rhizosphere soil stimulated more shoots growth than roots. The application of T. asperellum into the soil stimulated development of roots, and in consequences the above−ground parts of plants. However, in the combination with pathogen, T. asperellum protected the roots only partially. The presence of pathogen and its antagonists increases the biomass of birches compared to control plants. Chlorophyll fluorescence studies proved better parameters like total performance index (PI total) after application of B. subtilis, in contrast, interaction between B. subtilis and P. plurivora negatively affected photosynthesis causing weakening of plants. The higher content of carboxylic acids, observed in the variant with T. asperellum + P. plurivora, indicates the initiation of biochemical defence processes in birch leaves cells.
The efficiency of protective activities of bacteria and fungi as Glycine max seeds dressing against the soilborne pathogenic fungi was evaluated in presented studies. The microbiological material was prepared from the antagonistic microorganisms strains of Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Gliocladium spp. and Trichoderma spp. The experiment was established in the field with soybean monoculture with infectious material of fungi naturally accumulated in the soil. Protective activities of applied microorganisms were determined on the ground of the number of grown plants, their healthiness and seeds crop quantity and quality. Obtained results showed that Trichoderma viride 254, T. harzianum 220 and Bacillus sp. 131 were the most effective for soybean protection. Gliocladium roseum 246, Gliocladium catenulatum 49 and Oxafun T Dressing turned out the least effective in their protective activities.
The objective of the paper was to determine the effectiveness of post-culture liquids of Bacillus sp. Bsch 19 and Pseudomonas sp. Psch 16 in the protection of soybean from soil-borne fungi. The use of post-culture liquids of those bacteria in seed dressing positively affected the number, healthiness and yielding of soybean plants. The plants were mainly infected by Fusarium spp., Phoma exigua var. exigita, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Those fungi were isolated much more rarely from the plants in combinations with the use of post-culture liquids of antagonistic bacteria as compared with the plants from the control combination, i.e. without seed dressing. A reverse relation was found for the occurrence of saprophytic fungi from the genera of Gliocladium, Penicillium and Trichoderma.
The research was carried out on farms in Kiełpin in Bory Tucholskie Landscape Park in vicinity of Tuchola over 1997-1999. The purpose was to determine of quantitative composition of Pseudomonas and Arthrobacter genera, coryneform group and total count of bacteria on roots of potato. Aster cultivar of potato was cultivated in two systems: conventional and ecological. The microbiological analysis showed that the coryneform group dominated over other investigated groups of bacteria. The greatest number of bacteria was isolated from rhizop1ane of potatoes cultivated in ecological system. The results obtained during three years of the experiment show that the number of potentially antagonistic bacteria increased along with plant vegetation. The maximum number of these bacteria inhabited roots of older plants.
The efficacy against fire blight of 3 antagonistic bacterial isolates (48M, 59M, 141M), strain C9-1 ̶ the active component of BlightBan (USA), the yeast based preparation Blossom Protect and copper preparations (Flow Brix 380 SC, Cuproflow 375 SC, Miedzian 50 WP) was evaluated on apple blossoms on Idared trees and Jonagold cut off branches. The highest efficacy was demonstrated after protective use of all bacterial isolates (82.7–92.0%) and Blossom Protect (83.5%). Miedzian 50 WP at the dose of 1.5 kg/ha appeared to be low effective. Two treatments with Blossom Protect applied during the blooming of apple trees cultivars Golden Delicious and Jonagold did not cause phytotoxicity on apples assessed after harvest. Because most fungicides used for protection of apple against fungal diseases are toxic to yeast in Blossom Protect, it seems that this preparation could be applicable against fire blight only in organic growing of apple.
Przeprowadzono badania nad możliwością ograniczania fytoftorozy cyprysika Lawsona przy zastosowaniu bakteryjnych izolatów uzyskanych z ryzosfery i wykazujących w testach laboratoryjnych antagonizm wobec Phytophthora cinnamomi. Wykazano, że mieszanina drobnoustrojów stosowana przed sadzeniem cyprysika Lawsona do inokulowanego podłoża, istotnie ograniczała rozwój fytoftorozy w ciągu 10-tygodniowej uprawy. Zastosowanie bakterii do opryskania roślin spowodowało słabsze ograniczenie rozwoju fytoftorozy po 10 tygodniach uprawy.
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