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The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in horses from various management systems. The study included 296 horses of different breeds and ages (from 6 months to 20 years), of both sexes, coming from various management systems: group 1 – horses using natural pastures, group 2 – horses pastured on field pastures created by man, group 3 – horses using sand areas. Faeces samples were collected directly from the rectum 1–2 days before worming. Each sample was examined macro- and microscopically (McMaster method). The number of oocysts/eggs per gram of faeces (OPG/EPG) and parasite abundance (average representation of parasites in relation to all animals). The results were subjected to statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Total prevalence of parasites in all groups was 66.89%: E. leucarti 0.68%; Anoplocephalidae 4.73%, P.equorum 9.46% and Strongylidae 64.19%. Total prevalence per group was the following: 1 – 57.43%; 2 – 26.69%; 3 – 6.38%. In all management systems, the dominating parasites belonged to Cyathostominae (group 1 – 77.65%, group 2 – 70.89%, group 3 – 4.25%). The prevalences of P. equorum, Anoplocephalidae, E. leucarti in each group were as follows: group 1 – 10.59; 3.53; 0.59%; group 2 – 11.39; 10.13; 1.27%; group 3 – 2.13; 0; 0%.The average intensities of Strongylildae, P. equorum, Anaplocephalidae and E. leucarti in groups were as follows: group 1 – 606.44; 519.44; 50; 50; group 2 – 472.32; 261.11; 62.5; 50; group 3 – 1150; 450; 0; 0. On the other hand, the average abundances in each group were the following: group 1 – 473.67; 55; 1.76; 0.29; group 2 – 334.81; 29.75; 6.33; 0.63; group 3 – 48.94; 9.57; 0; 0. The statistical analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences between the management system and invasion intensity. However, the analysis, taking into consideration a correlation between the management system and abundance, revealed statistically significant differences. The differences were observed between groups 1 and 3 (pi = 0.0000001) and between groups 2 and 3 (pi = 0.0000001).
The western capercaillie breeding program is aimed at the restoration and reintroduction of this bird species in Poland. Parasitic invasions may be one of the factors limiting the breeding effects. The aim of the paper is to present the parasitologic situation in aviary breeding centres in Leżajsk and Wisła Forest Divisions. The study material included 38 samples of faeces of western capercaillie taken from the floor of the aviaries in the breeding centres in Leżajsk and Wisła Forest District. The faeces were studied using flotation, decantation and the quantitative McMaster methods. The presence of only two parasitic genera was detected. Based on the results of morphological analysis, the coccidia was classified as Eimeria lyruri, while nematode as the species Capillaria (syn. Aonchoteca) caudinflata. The total average prevalence of parasitic invasion in the studied samples was 60.5%. In both studied aviaries, the dominating invasion was coccidiosis, with average prevalences of 55.3%. The eggs of nematodes from Capillaria were found in 34.2% of all studied samples. Monoinvasion was present in 31.6% while the mixed invasion of coccidiosis and capillariasis was found in 28.9% cases. Dispersive forms of the parasites were significantly more frequent in the faeces of hens (77.3%) than of cocks (37.5%). No statistically significant differences in invasion extensiveness between the two breeding centres were found. The invasions of both types of parasites in the studied flocks were of a low level (the average OPG was 268.2 while the average EPG of Capillaria sp. was 164.3). The average OPG/EPG values in both breeding centres were similar, which was confirmed by student t-test. Higher values of OPG/EPG were found in samples coming from hens than in those coming from cocks but the differences were insignificant.
Pregnant sows were immunized against colibacillosis with 3 different commercial vaccines containning K88, K99, F41, and 987P fimbriae. E. coli strains isolated from the faeces of the newborn piglets were subsequently investigated for the presence of the mentioned fimbrial adhesins by the use of hemagglutination and slide agglutination tests. LT and STa enterotoxins were determined by ELISA and inhibition ELISA, respectively, using monoclonal antibodies. The results were compared with non — immunized controls. It was shown that all 3 vaccines used, had significant effect on the reduction of enterotoxigenic E. coli strains, with adhesive fimbriae, in newborn piglets. Only 2 out of 89 strains tested possessed K88 fimbriae whereas 18 and 10 strains isolated from control piglets (out of 83 strains examined) had K88 and K99 fimbrial adhesins, respectively. Only 1 strain isolated from immunized piglets was enterotoxigenic as compared to 40 enterotoxin-positive strains from control animals. These results show that immunization of sows with vaccines containing E. coli strains with adhesive fimbriae is effective in reducing the number of pathogenic E. coli strains in faeces of newborn piglets.
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