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The increasing resistance of bacteria to available antibiotics constitutes one of the greatest challenges in intensive fish culture. The growing problem of chemotherapeutic resistance has revived interest in the potential use of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) for therapy of bacterial diseases in fish. Bacteriophages are viruses specific for bacterial strains and are natural regulators of bacterial populations in waters. In the present study, we determined the influence of specific bacteriophages on mortality percentages after experimental challenges with the pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout. Healthy rainbow trout, weighing 50-100 g were used in the study. Bafador-1 with 1x108 PFU/ml or 1x109 PFU/ml concentrations of bacteriophages were used in immersion or injection at 12,24, or 48 h after experimental infections. The results showed that Bafador-1 reduced mortality after application in immersion or injection at a concentration of 1 LVm3 of water, or 0.2 ml per fish. The three experimental studies presented indicated that Bafador-1 is very effective in reducing mortality after experimental infection with the pathogenic bacteria A. hydrophila. The preliminary study showed that specific bacteriophages are very effective in specific therapy of bacterial diseases in fish.
The study focuses on how to improve the potency and efficacy of a vaccine against CyHV-3 in carp fingerlings. The study material comprised the KoVax vaccine (Israel) applied through immersion (1 ml of vaccine diluted in 10 l of water) and 1 kg of carp fingerlings with individual weights of about 10 g. The immersion time was 40 minutes at different temperatures (16°C, 18°C, 20°C, 22°C). After 21 days, 50 fish from each temperature variant were infected experimentally through injections of CyHV-3 isolated from Polish carp at the same temperatures, and 50 fish were infected likewise from each group and held at a temperature of 22°C. The control group comprised fish that had only been vaccinated. The fish were held in tanks with a volume of 500 l (100 fish per tank) and were fed daily with commercial pellets. Mortality was tabulated and monitored, and the presence of the pathogen was confirmed through isolation from the gills and pronephros. The results of the study indicated that the temperature at vaccination is very important for achieving protection from CyHV-3. The highest mortality was observed in fish vaccinated at 16°C and then infected with live virus at 22°C (80%) in comparison to the group of fish vaccinated at 18°C (68%) or 20°C (40%). The fish vaccinated and infected at similar temperatures presented different levels of protection against CyHV-3. Mortality was the lowest at 22°C (20%), in comparison to that at 16°C (32%), 18°C (40%), or 20°C (38%).
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