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Background. Alcohols are the most commonly used active substances in preparations for quick hand disinfection. They should be bactericidal in very short contact time. PN-EN 13727 + A2: 2015-12 standard, for testing hygienic and surgical handrub disinfection preparations, provides mandatory test conditions of disinfectants in contact times with the range of 30 s to 60 s (hygienic handrub disinfection) and 60 s to 5 min (surgical handrub disinfection). A short contact times for hand hygiene products require a short time of neutralization process. For contact times less than or equal to 10 minutes, the estimated neutralization time is 10 s ± 1 s. Neutralization is a process that abolishes the action of disinfectants. Correct application of this process allows for proper use of disinfectants in practice and its biocidal effect. Objectives. Verification of the effectiveness of 10-second neutralization time of alcohol based preparations for hygienic handrub disinfection. Materials and Method. Neutralization of two products with different ethanol content (89% and 70%) for hygienic handrub disinfection according to PN-EN 13727 + A2: 2015-12 was investigated. The effectiveness of the neutralizer was assessed by determining toxicity of neutralizer, activity of residual effects of the tested products and their derivatives produced during neutralization (10 s) for test organisms (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442; Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541; Escherichia coli K12 NCTC 10538). Results. The 10-second neutralization time was sufficient to eliminate the residual activity of products for hygienic handrub disinfection with differentiated ethanol concentration. The neutralizer used did not show toxicity to bacteria and did not produce toxic products with tested preparations after neutralization. Conclusions. The use of 10-second neutralization time allows in a precise way designate the contact times for hygienic handrub disinfection products.
The role of plasmids of drug resistance R577 and R785 in the development of susceptibility of Escherichia coli K12 strain W1485 to the bactericidal action of serum was studied. Plasmids R577 and R785 were transfered to cells of strain W1485 by means of conjugation. The susceptibility of cells containing the plasmid to serum was compared to that of cells lacking the plasmid. It was found that plasmids R577 and R758 sensitize bacteria to the action of serum.
Studies were performed on the capacity of thrombocytes and of neutrophilic granulocytes in carp to ingest the standard bacterial strain of Staphylococcus aureus 209P Oxford. The bactericidal capacity of the cells at various developmental stages of the carp and in relation to their health status was also studied. The studies were performed on healthy carp, 3 months to 5 years of age, and sick carp, 3, 12, 23 or 29 months of age, suffering from Branchiotnycosis, Branchionecrosis and suppurative dermatitis (Motile Aeromonas Infection). Apart from their capacity to ingest Staphylococcus aureus 209P strain, fish thrombocytes demonstrated bactericidal activity toward the microbes. In healthy carp, the phagocytic activity of thrombocytes as well as of neutrophilic granulocytes directly corresponded to the stage of individual development of the fish. Bactericidal activity of thrombocytes and of neutrophilic granulocytes toward the applied strain of Staphylococcus aureus 209P strain persisted at a similar level regardless of the age of the fish. The differences observed in the activity of phagocytic cells in the sick carp were related, first of all, to the form of the disease (chronic or acute) and, to a lesser extent, to the age of the carp and the type of aetiological factor.
The aim of the study was to determine, whether the new chemical preparation P3 Tsunami, product of Ecolab, shows bactericidal activity towards Hafnia alvei, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae. The P3 preparation has been suggested for reduction of microbiological contamination in technological water used for washing fruit and vegetables prior to freezing. The tested bacterial suspension (1.5 x 108cfu/mL - 5.0 x 108cfu/mL) was added to prepared samples of tested preparation in four different concentrations. After specified contact time (1 min or 5 min ±10 sec) bactericidal activity of the preparation was neutralised by a validated method. After 5 min ±10 sec, 1 mL of neutralised mixture was transferred to Petri plates and 12-15 mL molten TSA medium was added. After 48 h of incubation at 37°C±1°C, the number of bacteria colonies was determined and the decrease of viable count was calculated. Preparation which in the test conditions defined by EN 1040 norm: 1997 caused 105 or higher decrease of bacteria count was described as bactericidal. P3 Tsunami used in the concentration of 0.05% and 0.025% after 5 min contact time showed bactericidal activity towards all 30 bacterial strains used in the study; when used in the concentration of 0.05% after 1 min contact time it caused 105 higher decrease of bacteria count in 27 strains. Bactericidal activity of P3 preparation after such a short contact time (1 min) suggests that it would fulfil the task of disinfecting technological water in the process of freezing fruit and vegetables.
W artykule przeanalizowano koloidy srebra stabilizowane hydrolizatami skrobiowymi pod kątem właściwości bakteriobójczych, określając również ich wielkość oraz kształt. Zbadano także właściwości wytrzymałościowe zapraw cementowych z domieszkami analizowanych hydrolizatów skrobiowych, lignosulfonianów sodowych i ich połączenia z nanosrebrem. Koloidy srebra poddano analizie spektrofotometrycznej UV-vis w celu stwierdzenia obecności nanostruktur srebra. Określono również rozkład wielkości nanocząstek metodą nieinwazyjnego wstecznego rozproszenia światła oraz ich kształt za pomocą mikroskopii elektronowej (TEM). Otrzymane koloidy srebra podczas wykonania prób bakteriobójczych wykazały silną odporność na działanie tzw. bakterii bytowych. Połączenie wymienionych właściwości nanosrebra z właściwościami uplastyczniającymi plastyfikatorów daje możliwość wytwarzania zapraw cementowych i betonów odpornych na działanie mikroorganizmów o zwiększonej urabialności i wytrzymałości na ściskanie.
Sialic acids are important constituents of animal tissue glycoconjugates and are also present in the antigens of some bacterial strains. Capsular polysaccharides with sialic acid (NeuAc) have been extensively studied with regard to sensitivity to the bactericidal action of serum, whereas little is known in this regard about lipopolysaccharides (LPS) which contain NeuAc. Strains of Salmonella 048, able to infect animals and containing the same structures of LPS with NeuAc, were examined for their susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal bovine serum (NBS). The strains showed varied sensitivity to the bactericidal action of NBS, which indicates that the expression of LPS containing NeuAc residues is not critical for the strains' resistance to the serum's activity. In this study the mechanisms of complement activation responsible for killing serum-sensitive Salmonella 048 rods by NBS were also established. Three such mechanisms were distinguished: activation of the classi- cal/lectin pathways, important (decisive) in the bactericidal mechanism of complement activation, parallel activation of the classical/lectin and alternative pathways, and independent activation of the classical and lectin or the alternative pathway.
Rhodiola quadrifida (Rq) roots and rhizomes are traditionally used in Asia as a tonic, adaptogen, antidepressant and anti-inflammatory drug. The aim of this work was to study the in vivo effect of aqueous and 50% hydro-alcoholic extracts of Rq rhizomes on some parameters of cellular immunity in mice and rats. The metabolic activity of blood phagocyting cells was determined based on the measurement of intracellular respiratory burst after stimulation by PMA in RBA test. Potential bactericidal activity of phagocyting cells was determined in isolated blood leukocytes stimulated with killed microorganisms, according to the PKA test. Proliferative response of lymphocytes stimulated by mitogen concanavaline A (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were determined by MTT assay. Both extracts stimulated granulocytes activity in vitro and increased lymphocyte response to mitogens. The ability of parental strain mice lymphocytes to induce local cutaneous graft-ver- sus-host reaction (GVH) in F1 hybrids was stimulated by 50% hydro-alcoholic extract only.
Stwierdzono, że wielkość załadunku - stopień wypełnienia komory sterylizatora sprzętem medycznym ma wpływ na efektywność sterylizacji gazowej tlenkiem etylenu. Skuteczność każdego procesu sterylizacji tlenkiem etylenu należy kontrolować wskaźnikami biologicznymi.
The aim of our study was to examine the efficacy of various disinfectants originally recommended for use in the food industry or medicine, in reducing bacteria Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus. Disinfecting preparations: Pro-Tech, Bakterierent, Bacto Detsan, Mexept, Diesis Forte, Apesin AP 300 were tested taking into account various parameters such as concentration of working solution, environment temperature and duration of treatment. Studies showed, that all tested substances were effective in reducing the growth of bacteria C. michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus in concentrations recommended by the manufacturers (both at 4°C and 20°C), only if duration of procedure was no shorter than 15 minutes. For Mexept, Diesis Forte and Apesin AP 300 shorter disinfection time did not affect the efficacy in reducing the growth of bacteria Cms. Other experiments included the impact of metal surfaces on the effectiveness of selected disinfectants. Bactericidal activity against bacteria C. michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus showed: Bakterierent 2%, Bacto Detsan 1%, Mexept 1%, Apesin AP 300 2%, Pro-Tech 0.5%, Diesis Forte 0.5% (sometimes concentrations active against Cms were higher than those recommended by the manufacturer of the preparation). A prolonged for 15 minutes disinfection procedure was sufficient to obtain a bactericidal effect. As a result of the chosen method of disinfection the type of different treated surfaces such as metal, steel, wood or concrete did not affect significantly the effectiveness of antimicrobial preparations with exception of Mexept and Pro-Tech.
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