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1

Variability in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the incitant of bacterial blight disease of rice

100%
Nayak D., Reddy P. R., Nayak P.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2009
|
tom 49
|
nr 1
15-26
The virulence pattern of 52 bacterial strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal organism of bacterial blight disease of rice was assessed on 41 rice genotypes including five Japanese and five Philippines' differentials. A significant differential interaction observed among the bacterial isolates, the host-genotypes and in their interaction suggested that the host-genotypes differed in vertical resistance and bacterial isolates differed in virulence. The two Japanese differentials Kinmaze and Rantai Emas and two Philippines' differentials IR 8 and IR 20, exhibited highly susceptible reactions against all the 52 bacterial isolates. Five new Indian differentials were selected, one from each of the five clusters of genotypes obtained through hierarchical method of numerical analysis of the virulence pattern of 52 bacterial isolates on 41 host-genotypes. The 52 bacterial isolates could be grouped into six clusters on the basis of their pathogenicity pattern on five new Indian differentials, which were designated as Pathotype-1, 4, 7, 14, 15 and 16, following a standard computer generated virulence pattern chart. These pathotypes were comparable with the Japanese pathotype groups of I, II, III and IV and Philippines' pathotype groups of I, II, III, IV and V. The most virulent pathotype-1 was distributed over four eastern states of India, namely Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal and Bihar. In view of the free exchange of genetic material all over the country, continuous monitoring of the prevalence of new pathotypes with the help of the present set of differentials, will accelerate the resistance breeding programme and help in disease control through introduction of location specific resistant cultivars.
2
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Long-term effect of niclosamide on inhibition of bacterial leaf blight in rice

100%
Kim S.-I., Kwak J. S., Song J. T., Seo H. S.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
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2016
|
tom 56
|
nr 4
Bacterial leaf blight is one of the major diseases in rice and affects yields. Thus, various methods have been applied to protect rice from this disease. Here, we show systemic translocation of the human drug niclosamide (5-chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)- 2-hydroxybenzamide) in rice and its long-term effect on prevention of rice leaf blight. The development of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae-induced rice leaf blight was effectively inhibited in untreated systemic leaves as in niclosamide-treated leaves, although its effect gradually decreased in a time-dependent manner. Time-course examination after niclosamide treatment showed that the niclosamide level was highest after 3 h in non-treated distal leaves, suggesting fast systemic movement of niclosamide from the treated local site to untreated distal regions. Our data indicate that niclosamide controls rice leaf blight by its rapid systemic movement and that its effect is maintained for a long time.
3

Application of rhizobacteria for induction of systemic resistance to bacterial blight of cotton caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum using fluorescent pseudomonads of rhizosphere

80%
Fallahzadeh V., Ahmadzadeh M., Marefat A., Ghazanfary K.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2009
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tom 49
|
nr 4
416-420
The ability of fluorescent pseudomonads of cotton rhizosphere of induction of systemic resistance (ISR) against bacterial blight of cotton was investigated. Of the 21 isolates tested, 19 were observed to increase the resistance of plants. This was demonstrated by a lower percentage of infected leaf area. On the basis of growth promotion and ISR induction ability, isolates 148, 35Q, 16Q and 113 were selected for further investigations. All isolates increased the resistance of plants, and per cent of infected area on leaves of these treatments were lower than those control of plants. Levels of peroxidase (PO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity in the leaves of bacterized plants with selected isolates were similar to that in control plants, but after inoculation of leaves with the pathogen, the amount of these enzymes increased in bacterized plants to high levels. The increase of enzyme activity in control plants was low after inoculation.
4

Most deleterious pathogens of lupine and soya and their control by antagonistic bacteria strains in Belarus

80%
Kuptsov V. N., Kolomiets E. I., Kuptsov N. S., Mandrik M. N., Evsegneeva N. V.
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
|
2010
|
tom 554
Phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria - causal agents of anthracnose, fusariose, grey mould, alternarial mould in lupine and bacterial blight in soya were isolated and identified. Microorganisms of genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces with elevated antagonistic activity towards lupine and soya pathogens were selected. It was demonstrated that bacterial antagonists were able to suppress the development of phytopathogens both in vitro on agar nutrient media and on lupine/soya plants upon seed treatment. Selective action of antagonists against pathogenic species was established. Strains Pseudomonas aurantiaca S-l and Streptomyces anulatus M-46 were distinguished by the highest efficiency with respect to anthracnose and fusariose of lupine cultivars while bacteria Bacillus subtilis M-22 and Bacillus subtilis M-1 inhibited spread of lupine grey mould. Streptomycetes and bacilli displayed superior activity in control of soya bacterial blight. Based on the obtained findings biological method of lupine seed disinfection was elaborated and tested in field experiments. Completed investigations proved attractive prospects of biological method to control pathologies of leguminous crops as an ecologically safe alternative to chemical pesticides.
5

Wykrywanie latentnej infekcji bakterii raka pomidora [Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis]

80%
Kamasa J., Pospieszny H.
Progress in Plant Protection
|
2002
|
tom 42
|
nr 1
88-92
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