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Twenty five years of azadirachtins (1986-2011)

100%

Hummel H. E., Hein D. F., Ley S. V., Morgan E. D., Kraus W., Schmutterer H.

Pestycydy

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2011

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nr 1-4

Azadirachtins are known as phagorepellent natural products from seeds of the neem tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), which impede the development of larval insects and sterilize adults. The labors of the past three decades ultimatively lead to a chemical structure, which has been unanimously but independently elaborated by German, British and American authors. This structure is in force ever since 1985/87 and was ultimately confirmed by Veitch & al. in Ley’s group in Cambridge, England, through total synthesis. Its 25th birthday is presently being celebrated. Marrangin (=Azadirachtin L) was discovered in Gießen and chemically identified by Kalinowski and colleagues. It occurs in seeds of the marrango tree, Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) Jacobs. In some insect species but also in mites like Tetranychus urticae, its biological activity is significantly superior to azadirachtin A. The value of these biorational compounds, with their very low vertebrate toxicity, and their low toxicity today is globally recognized. Quite recently, azadirachtin and analogues gain acceptance in veterinary and human medicine.

2

Some effects of an EC formulation of Azadirachtin on important cotton pests in Senegal

100%

Ekukole G.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2006

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tom 46

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nr 4

313-324

Laboratory studies were carried out on the effects of an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation of Azadirachtin (AZ) (6 g a.s./l EC) on four major cotton pests in Senegal: Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Helicoverpa armigera Hϋbner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). In both S. littoralis (SL) and H. armigera (HA), larval weight loss was observed 48 h after treatment. Appreciable weight gain was only observed in SL larvae at dosages of 0.05 and 0.1 g a.s. /l AZ, 72 h after treatment. In both SL and HA, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the control larvae and those treated with 0.1 to 1.5 g a.s. /l AZ. At a dosage of 1.5 g a.s./l, AZ caused 60% mortality in SL and 0% mortality in HA, 72 h after treatment. The treatment with AZ at dosages of 0.05 and 1.5 g a.s./l resulted in 50 and 30% malformation in SL and HA pupae respectively. The duration of development from the IV instar larva to pupa in both lepidopterans increased progressively with AZ dosage. SL was more susceptible to AZ than HA. No growth disrupting effects were observed in A. gossypii (AG) and T. urticae (TU) where EC50 values of 1.49 and 1.36 g a.s./l AZ respectively were obtained. The implications of the effects of AZ on further field trials against cotton pests are discussed.

3

Wpływ azadyrachtyny na retencję wirusa YN ziemniaka w mszycy brzoskwiniowej Myzus persicae (Sulz.)

100%

Kostiw M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura

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2004

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tom 03

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nr 1

187-194

W badaniach laboratoryjnych nie stwierdzono pozytywnego efektu azadyrachtyny na retencję PVYN w mszycach Myzus persicae (Sulz.), głodzonych po nabyciu patogena, a następnie odbywających żer inokulacyjny na roślinach testowych Physalis floridana. Owady żerujące na roślinach chronionych zachowywały aktywny wirus przez 64 minuty, a więc nawet dłużej niż mszyce żerujące na roślinach bez ochrony (16 min.). Pozytywny efekt azadyrachtyny stwierdzono u owadów żerujących bezpośrednio po nabyciu wirusa. Jedynie w dwóch seriach badań (z 12 wykonanych) nastąpiło porażenie roślin dalszych (trzeciej i czwartej) z 10 kolejno inokulowanych w serii. We wszystkich pozostałych seriach infekcji uległy wyłącznie rośliny pierwsze. W niektórych seriach bez ochrony poraziły się także rośliny jeszcze dalsze (piąta, szósta), a nawet ósma z 10 inokulowanych. Również ogólne porażenie roślin w kombinacji bez ochrony było wyższe (15%) niż z ochroną (5%).

4

Toxicity of azadirachtin on some biomarkers of oxidative stress in zebrafish, Danio rerio

100%

Sharma D. K., Ansari B. A.

Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences

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2014

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tom 04

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nr 2

5

Effect of azadirachtin on the nun moth [Lymantria monacha L.] larvae

100%

Malinowski H.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2002

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tom 44

6

Effectiveness of new plant insecticides obtained from neem-tree [Azadirachta indica Juss.] against cabbage aphid [Brevicoryne brassicae]

100%

Pavela R., Barnet M., Belanger A., Brosseau M.

Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin

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2002

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tom 56

7

Effect of terpenoid lactones and azadirachtin on food consumption and growth rate of Colorado potato beetle larvae, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say

100%

Szczepanik M., Grabarczyk M., Olejniczak T., Paruch E., Wawrzenczyk C., Szczepaniak E.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2000

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tom 40

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nr 3-4

The effect of some terpenoid lactones (monocyclic δ-hydroxy-γ-lactone; bicyclic δ-hydroxy-γ-spirolactone and bicyclic δ-hydroxy-γ-lactone) and azadirachtin on feeding and growth of Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say larvae was studied. Among lactones bicyclic δ-hydroxy-γ-spirolactone showed a strong feeding deterrency. Larvae treated with this compound consumed 0.163 cm² (per larva) of potato leaves during 6 days, whereas control larvae ate 0.892 cm². When lactones were used, a slight increase in body weight was observed. Azadirachtin, in comparison with lactones, much stronger reduced food consumption and growth rate of insects.

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Activity of azadirachtin relating to Pieris brassicae and Apanteles glomeratus

100%

Wawrzyniak M., Wrzesinska D.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2000

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tom 40

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nr 2

Azadirachtin is the most active substance separated from Azadirachta indica. lt acts destructively on numerous species of insects and mites. The aim of the presented investigations was to determine the effect of azadirachtin on one of the most dangerous pests of cabbage plants, Pieris brassicae, and on its natural enemy, Apanteles glomeratus. The results of the field observations did not show any repellent effect of azadirachtin relating to laying their eggs cabbage butterflies. However, a significant effect of the azadirachtin solution on reduction the number of cabbage butterfly caterpillars (it was more distinctly marked in respect to young larva stages) as well as on limited feeding by caterpillars. No negative influence of azadirachtin on a parasite of Pieris brassicae caterpillars, Apanteles glomeratus was distinctly shown.

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Wykorzystanie azadirachtyny w zwalczaniu stonki ziemniaczanej w systemie rolnictwa ekologicznego

80%

Kowalska J., Hummel E.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2007

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tom 47

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nr 4

293-297

10

Mozliwosci stosowania naturalnych pestycydow z miodli indyjskiej [Azadirachta indica A. Juss] i innych roslin z rodziny Meliaceae w ochronie roslin ze szczegolnym uwzglednieniem ochrony lasu

71%

Malinowski H., Woreta D.

Progress in Plant Protection

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1997

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tom 37

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nr 1

131-137

11

The importance of natural products in insect control

61%

Ujvary I.

Pestycydy

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2005

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nr 3

21-37

12

Badanie pozostałości spinosadu, azadyrachtyny i rotenonu w materiale roślinnym oraz w glebie z wykorzystaniem zmodyfikowanej metody QuEChERS i oznaczenia techniką chromatografii cieczowej sprzężonej ze spektrometrem mas (UPLC-MS/MS)

61%

Drozdzynski D., Kowalska J., Remlein-Starosta D.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2010

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tom 50

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nr 4

Organic crop production must obey strict regulations. In recent years, it is promoted in Poland by government financial support which has been reflected in Rural Areas Development Plans for 2004–2006 and 2007–2013. Thanks to putting into effect the agricultural and environmental package „Organic production”, Polish farmers can apply for EU surcharges, which are targeted at those who by implementation of organic production do not contribute to environmental pollution. Implementation of organic production forced the farmers to obey the EU Council Regulation No 834/2007 on organic production and labeling of organic products. In other EU countries, farmers growing organic crops have access to a wider range of „ecological” insecticides than do the farmers in Poland; these include such insecticides as spinosad (sum of spinosyn A and spinosyn D), azadirachtin and rotenone. There was then a need to develop an analytical method for the mentioned insecticides before they are registered in Poland. In this work, the QuEChERS sample preparation technique was used prior to ultra performance liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric determination of „ecological” insecticides in plant material (tomato and cabbage) as well as in soil. Very satisfactory analytical performance date were obtained at three spiking levels of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mg/kg. Limits of determination were 0.01 mg/kg in all cases. The method was used to analyze samples under grant No NN 310 4358 33r, entitled „Application of natural substances in protection of organically grown potato and cabbage”, being in progress in Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute.

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Zwalczanie owocowki jablkoweczki w jabloniowych sadach ekologicznych

61%

Pluciennik Z., Olszak R. W.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2007

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tom 47

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nr 4

298-301

Ograniczanie wyników

Twenty five years of azadirachtins (1986-2011)

Some effects of an EC formulation of Azadirachtin on important cotton pests in Senegal

Wpływ azadyrachtyny na retencję wirusa YN ziemniaka w mszycy brzoskwiniowej Myzus persicae (Sulz.)

Toxicity of azadirachtin on some biomarkers of oxidative stress in zebrafish, Danio rerio

Effect of azadirachtin on the nun moth [Lymantria monacha L.] larvae

Effectiveness of new plant insecticides obtained from neem-tree [Azadirachta indica Juss.] against cabbage aphid [Brevicoryne brassicae]

Effect of terpenoid lactones and azadirachtin on food consumption and growth rate of Colorado potato beetle larvae, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say

Activity of azadirachtin relating to Pieris brassicae and Apanteles glomeratus

Wykorzystanie azadirachtyny w zwalczaniu stonki ziemniaczanej w systemie rolnictwa ekologicznego

Mozliwosci stosowania naturalnych pestycydow z miodli indyjskiej [Azadirachta indica A. Juss] i innych roslin z rodziny Meliaceae w ochronie roslin ze szczegolnym uwzglednieniem ochrony lasu

The importance of natural products in insect control

Badanie pozostałości spinosadu, azadyrachtyny i rotenonu w materiale roślinnym oraz w glebie z wykorzystaniem zmodyfikowanej metody QuEChERS i oznaczenia techniką chromatografii cieczowej sprzężonej ze spektrometrem mas (UPLC-MS/MS)

Zwalczanie owocowki jablkoweczki w jabloniowych sadach ekologicznych