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Relative air humidity and saturation deficit in Leba

100%

Baranowski D.

Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline

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2010

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tom 14

The main aim of the paper was to determine the most important features of air humidity in Łeba in the years 1976-2005. The average daily values of relative air humidity (RH) and saturation deficit (SD) from the meteorological station in Łeba were used as basic data for the survey. After initial estimation of dispersion parameters and asymmetry of distribution, these values were calculated for annual and multi-annual periods. The survey findings showed that in Łeba the humidity of air in the analysed period was relatively high (with mean annual RH and SD values – 82.8% and 2.1 hPa respectively). The highest mean air humidity is normally reported in winter months (with maximum in December), while relatively low humidity values are recorded in the warm half-year (Apr.-Sep.). The provided analysis of long-term variability in monthly and annual averages has shown a decreasing trend of air humidity in the region of Łeba. Such conclusion is proved by statistically significant tendencies: growing of moisture deficit and dropping of relative air humidity. The greatest fall in air humidity within the 30-yr period was found in April; while rise was noted only in May. The greatest diversification of mean monthly air humidity values are typical for the period between April and July; the most stable higric conditions are usually recorded in December.

2

Detection of genotoxicity of atmospheric particles using a high-throughput microplate umu-test system

100%

Funasaka K., Kitano M., Nakama A., Yoshikura T., Oda Y.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2003

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tom 50

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nr 1

A previously developed and highly sensitive umu-microplate test system based on the nitroreductase- and O-acetyltransferase-overproducing strain Salmonella typhimurium NM3009 and the O-acetyltransferase-overproducing strain S. typhimurium NM2009 was applied to the detection of genotoxic activity in atmospheric particles in urban areas using a relatively small sample load. The results showed that the test system was able to detect slight increases in induced genotoxicity in atmospheric particles and that genotoxicity was detected mainly in the fine fraction but also partially in the coarse fraction. The present sensitive microplate test system has potential for application to the screening of various other environmental samples.

3

Transformations of sulfur compounds in the aerosphere

86%

Rogalski L.

Journal of Elementology

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2006

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tom 11

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nr 2

The paper presents the main natural and anthropogenic sources of sulfur compounds, the proportion of these compounds in natural fuels and their emission to the aerosphere. Particular attention was paid to conditions of photochemical and catalytic oxidation in the air, as well as the behavior of sulfur compounds in the aerosphere. The transformations of sulfur compounds and their reactions with other compounds or elements contribute to air pollution, including the formation of tropospheric ozone and acid rains.

4

A simple formula for the net long-wave radiation flux in the Southern Baltic Sea

86%

Zapadka T., Wozniak S. B., Wozniak B.

Oceanologia

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2001

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tom 43

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nr 3

265-277

This paper discusses problems of estimating the net long-wave radiation flux at the sea surface on the basis of easily measurable meteorological quantities (air and sea surface temperatures, near-surface water vapour pressure, cloudiness). Empirical data and existing formulae are compared. Additionally, an improved formula for the southern Baltic region is introduced, with a systematic error of less than 1 W m−2 and a statistical error of less than 20 W m−2.

5

The effect of 3,4-benzopyrene on the growth of Chlorella, strain 366

86%

Wardas W., Wardas M., Hamankiewicz D.

Oceanologia

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1983

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tom 17

6

Effects of different soil water content on biological nitrogen fixation at soybean

86%

Coskan A., Oz H., Atilgan A.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2013

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nr 1/III

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the process that provides organic nitrogenous compounds to the plants by using molecular nitrogen in atmosphere. Higher plants are not capable to use molecular nitrogen in atmosphere as a nitrogen source to generate essential proteins. Therefore plants either should be fertilized by adequate nitrogenous fertilizers or the microorganisms which are capable to produce nitrogenase should provide nitrogen to the plants by BNF. From among a number of factors affecting BNF, soil moisture content and ambient temperatures are considerably effective on the fixation rate. Therefore the global warming would be dramatically defective on BNF, thus effects of soil moisture as well as soil and ambient temperatures on BNF should evaluate prior rising temperature. A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effects of soil water contents on BNF. Four different soil water contents (%25, %50, %75 and %100 of water holding capacity) were adjusted either every 3 days or just after plants indicate wilting point. Non-inoculated pots were added to experiment as a control. The results revealed that BNF is affected by different level of soil water content. The mechanism of this effect would not be the direct effect of water, but the side effect of water on soil oxygen content; therefore, an aeration capability.

7

A simple model of light transmission through the atmosphere over the Baltic Sea utilising satellite data

86%

Krezel A., Kozlowski L., Paszkuta M.

Oceanologia

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2008

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tom 50

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nr 2

125-146

A simple spectral model of solar energy input to the sea surface was extended to incorporate space-borne data. The extension involved finding a method of determining aerosol optical thickness (on the basis of AVHRR data) and the influence of cloudiness (on the basis of METEOSAT data) on the solar energy flux. The algorithm for satellite data assimilation involves the analysis of satellite images from the point of view of cloud identification and their classification with respect to light transmission. Solar energy input values measured at the Earth’s surface by traditional methods were used to calibrate and validate the model. Preliminary evaluation of the results indicates a substantial improvement in the accuracy of estimates of solar energy input to the sea surface in relation to models utilising only traditionally obtained data on the state of the atmosphere.

8

Annual variation of fungal spores in atmosphere of Porto: 2003

86%

Oliveira M., Ribeiro H., Abreu I.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2005

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tom 12

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nr 2

309-315

The seasonal distribution of fungal spore concentration in the city of Porto, Portugal, was continuously studied, from 1 January to 31 December 2003, using a 7-day volumetric Burkard trap. In Portugal, aerobiological studies are scarce, and to our knowledge there are no published data on the atmospheric concentration of fungal spores. The aim of this work therefore is to initiate the aeromycological studies in Porto. The total airborne spore concentration fluctuated between 2 and 2,198 spores/m3 per day with an daily mean of 403 spores/m3. The highest airborne spore concentration was found during the summer and the early autumn, while the lowest concentration was registered during the winter. A range of allergenic and phytopathogenic fungal spores was present in the atmosphere of Porto throughout the entire year, although in different concentrations. Among the 22 fungal spore types identified Cladosporium (74.5%), Ganoderma (11.7%), Aspergillaceae (2.9%), Ustilago (2.5%), Coprinus (1.5%), Alternaria (1.3%) and Botrytis (1.3%) were the most frequent. Seasonally, spore levels of Cladosporium and Alternaria peaked in the autumn and winter, Ganoderma peaked toward autumn, whilst spore levels of the basidiomycete Coprinus fluctuated throughout the year. The total spore concentration was negatively correlated with wind speed and positively correlated with temperature and relative humidity.

9

The aerosol optical thickness of the atmosphere over the Norwegian Sea obtained from different experimental data

86%

Kusmierczyk-Michulec J.

Oceanologia

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1993

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tom 34

10

Secondary effects and pollutants of the environment. Part 1

86%

Namiesnik J., Gorecki T., Wardencki W., Zygmunt B., Torres L.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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1992

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tom 01

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nr 3

In this review the most well-known examples of secondary effects and pollutants which occur in the particular elements of the environment (atmosphere, hydrosphere, soil and food products) are described. Very often pollution of the environment is characterized only by quantities of primary pollutants emitted to the particular elements of the environment. However, it is much more difficult to find any information on certain secondary effects and pollutants which can have a considerably higher influence on environmental degradation than the respective primary pollutants. This does not concern such well-known phenomena as acid rains, the greenhouse effect, depletion of the ozone layer in the stratosphere and smog. This paper also presents some less well-known secondary effects and pollutants such as sick building syndrome, dioxins formation during waste incineration, secondary pollution of water during water treatment, eutrophication of waters, food contamination during processing, and occurrence of PCB's in the environment.

11

Municipal wastewater treatment plant with activated sludge tanks aerated by CELPOX devices as a source of microbiological pollution of the atmosphere

86%

Filipkowska Z., Janczukowicz W., Krzemieniewski M., Pesta J.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2002

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tom 11

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nr 6

This paper characterizes the influence of a wastewater treatment plant with activated sludge aerated by CELPOX devices on the microbiological properties of the air at the plant grounds and in the vicinity. Field studies by the sedimentation method were carried out in seven measurement series in 2001. Sampling posts were each time set with regard to the current meteorological conditions like wind speed and wind direction. Microbiological analyses were comprised of: heterotrophic bacteria at 37şC and 26şC, hemolytic bacteria at 37şC and 10şC, staphylococci mannitol-fermenting and non-fermenting, Escherichia coli, coliforms Pseudomonas, enterococci, actinomycetes, yeasts and moulds. The results indicate that generally - in accordance with the Polish Standards [1,2] the air at the plant grounds and in its vicinity was not polluted. However, few spots (mostly in some distance from the plant) were detected where a group of microorganisms was present in increased numbers which has qualified the air as polluted. Biological aerosols from the activated sludge tanks were not generated in considerable amounts, which was confirmed by the absence or small number of faecal bacteria (coliforms, enterococci), absence of mannitol-fermenting straphylococci and typical water-sewage bacteria of the Pseudomonas fluorescens. The main sources of microbiological pollution were the grit removal chamber and the secondary settlers.

12

Degradation of the natural environment resulting from the presence of sulphur compounds in the atmosphere

86%

Grzesiak P., Schroeder G., Hopke W.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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1997

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tom 06

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nr 4

The influence of sulphur compounds in the atmosphere on the natural environment has been discussed. Today, production of sulphuric acid is not ecologically clean regardless of the employed technology. The year 1996 was decisive in the production of H2SO4 sulphuric acid as the modern method of non-reacted SOx sulphur compound evacuation was applied in the POLCHEM - Toruń Inorganic Chemical Plant.

13

The occurrence of the Chandler effect in the Baltic Sea and in the atmosphere of the adjacent region

86%

Wroblewski A.

Oceanologia

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1999

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tom 41

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nr 4

14

Preliminary comparison between various models of the long-wave radiation budget of the sea and experimental data from the Baltic Sea

86%

Zapadka T., Wozniak S. B.

Oceanologia

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2000

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tom 42

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nr 3

This paper discusses existing models of long-wave radiation exchange between the sea surface and the atmosphere, and compares them with experimental data. The latter were based on empirical data collected in the southern Baltic during cruises of r/v ‘Oceania’. To a greater or lesser extent, all the models were encumbered with significant systematic and statistical errors. The probable reasons for these discrepancies are given.

15

Exchange of water in the soil-plant-atmosphere system

86%

Kutilek M., Novak V.

International Agrophysics

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1998

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tom 12

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nr 1

16

Seasonal changes of the aerosol optical thickness for the atmosphere over the Baltic Sea - preliminary results

86%

Kusmierczyk-Michulec J., Rozwadowska A.

Oceanologia

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1999

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tom 41

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nr 2

17

On effectiveness of lowering the toxicity of exhaust gas from a ship diesel engine by simultaneous changing its two control parameters

86%

Krzyzanowski J., Witkowski K.

Polish Maritime Research

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2000

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tom 07

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nr 1

18

Modelling of ozone immission in the lowest layer of atmosphere using box-model

86%

Bogacki M.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2006

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tom 32

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nr 2

19

Air-water interface in an estuarine lake: chlorophyll and nutrient enrichment

72%

Antonowicz J. P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2018

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tom 66

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nr 3

The surface water microlayer (SML) is a thin layer found at the interface of the hydrosphere and the atmosphere. It is capable of accumulating chemical substances and microorganisms at a rate as high as 100-fold greater than that observed in the subsurface water. The rate of accumulation of biogens and chlorophyll a in SML of an estuary, where marine and fresh waters mix, varies considerably and it depends on the degree mixing of these waters, which is manifested in the varying values of the enrichment factor (EF, calculated as the ratio of nutrients concentration in SML versus subsurface water). The influence of the Baltic Sea marine water and the freshwater Łeba River inflows on the estuarine Lake Łebsko (Poland) was examined. Nine sampling sites were located in the estuary. Water samples were collected from two layers: the surface microlayer (thickness 242 µm ± 40) and the subsurface water (15 cm depth). The capacity of the SML to enrich the water in nutrients and chlorophyll differed among various parts of the estuary, as well as between seawater and river waters. Statistically significant higher EF were found in the marine waters than in river waters for the nitrogen and phosphorus compounds as well as chlorophyll. There were also differences in EF between marine and lake waters. The highest EF were also recorded for organic forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in marine water. Most probably, marine flux into the estuarine Lake Łebsko, resulted in the increased EF for these investigated components.

20

Airborne pollen of Olea in five regions of Portugal

72%

Ribeiro H., Cunha M., Abreu I.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2005

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tom 12

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nr 2

317-320

The aim of this work was to study spatial and temporal distribution of Olea europeae airborne pollen in different Portuguese regions: Reguengos de Monsaraz (south); Bairrada (west); Braga (northwest); Valenca do Douro and Foz Coa (north-east). Airborne pollen sampling was conducted from 1998-2003 using "Cour" type samplers located in each region. The main pollen season (MPS) of Olea lasted on average 36 days and occurred from late April until middle-to-end of June. During the studied period, inter-annual variations among and within regions, concerning the total annual pollen counts and the beginning, peak and ending dates of the MPS, were reported. Reguengos de Monsaraz and Bairrada registered the earliest MPS starting date, followed by Valenca do Douro and Foz-Coa, and the latest date was verified in Braga that also had the shortest MPS. Reguengos de Monsaraz presented the longest MPS with the highest differences in the beginning and ending dates, but minimum differences in the dates of the maximum pollen peak. Our results showed an increase in the Olea annual pollen index, from north to south, and from the west to the east regions of the country.

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