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Concentration of endothelin in plasma and BAL fluid from asthmatic patients

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The bronchoconstrictive peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been demonstrated in the airway epithelial and endothelial cells. In this study we investigated the pathophysiological significance of endothelin-1 in asthma. We addressed the issue by assessing the concentration of ET-1 in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in patients with a different intensity of asthma. Twenty one asthmatic patients (11 men,10 women) and 6 healthy control subjects (C) were included in the study. Eleven asthmatic patients were classified as moderate persistent asthma (SA), all of them were atopic, and another 10 were mild persistent asthmatics (AA). Lung function tests were carried out in all patients investigated. The ET-1 concentration was determined by an ELISA method in plasma and BALF. We found that the SA patients haed the highest level of ET-1 (SA - 11.4 ±3.6 fmol/ml; AA - 7.1 ±2.7 fmol/ml; C - 5.6 ±1.8 fmol/ml) in BALF. The same concerned the ET-1 level in plasma (SA - 27.8 ±3.8 fmol/ml; AA - 18.1 ±4.3 fmol/ml; C - 17.3 ±3.0 fmol/ml). A positive correlation between the plasma ET-1 level and lung function indices was observed. We conclude that the higher levels of ET-1 in more severe asthma suggest that endothelins may contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease, its severity, and the regulation of bronchial tone.
The aim of our study was to clarify the still controversial problem concerning the modulatory effect of β-adrenergic stimulation on the activity of Kv1.3 channels in human T Lymphocytes. Because the expression of β-adrenergic receptors in T Lymphocytes is significantly altered in patients with bronchial asthma we examined the cells taken both from healthy donors and asthmatic patients. We applied the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to study the modulatory effect of β-adrenergic stimulation on the whole-cell potassium conductance, gating and kinetics of Lymphocyte Kv1.3 channels. During the experiments β-adrenergic agonist Isoprenaline was applied at concentrations up to 10-4 M. It was shown that the activity of T lymphocyte Kv1.3 channels remain unchanged upon β-adrenergic stimulation both in cells taken healthy donors and asthmatic patients. Results of our investigations support the notion that β- adrenergic stimulation does not modulate the activity of Kv1.3 channels in human TL. The transient increase in T lymphocyte K+ channel activity upon β-adrenergic stimulation that has been reported in some previous studies is most probably due to an activation of recently identified, voltage-independent cAMP-responsive K+ channels.
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