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The subject of this work was fumonisin B1 (FB1) and moniliformin (MON) biosynthesis by three isolates of Fusarium oxysporum and three isolates of F. proliferatum of asparagus spears origin. The cultures of fungi were grown on rice and asparagus media for 3 weeks at 20°C. Experiment was carried out in 3 replicates. FB1 and MON occurrence was evaluated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. Analysis of variance was carried out to determine biosynthesis of FB1 and MON by F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum. FB1 was found in the amount up to 2012.8 μg/g in cultures of F. proliferatum on rice and in a very small amount in two cultures on asparagus medium. F. oxysporum did not produce FB1 on any of the media. MON was biosynthesized by two the same isolates of F. oxysporum in the amount up to 182.8 μg/g on rice and up to 743.3 μg/g on asparagus medium and one isolate (different on each medium) of F. proliferatum.
Asparagus plants cv. “Epos” were planted in the aeroponic system with recirculation in two cycles. The effect of asparagus plant age and crown size on fern growth were studied. The results show that the age of asparagus plants affected the number of ferns – the number of assimilation shoots increased with age – while the weight of asparagus crowns had an effect on the number and total weight of shoots. An increase in crown weight by about 1000 g caused an increase in the number of shoots by about 6, while the weight of one shoot increased by approx. 144 g. The age of aasparagus plants was also a significant factor for dry weight, % Brix and total carbohydrate contents in roots before the assimilation season as well as glucose, fructose, sucrose, GFS and total carbohydrate contents in roots after the assimilation season.
The quantity and quality of spears from asparagus plants infected with Asparagus virus 2 was lower in comparison to healthy plants. The total number of spears was decreased in 16% and mass of spears in 24.7%. Asparagus virus 2 reduced the number of marketable spears in 31.9%, and increased the number of unmarketable spears in 20.2%. The green mass of stem brushes of infected plants was reduced in 19.4% in field conditions and in 20% in seedlings growing in a greenhouse.
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) may be cultivated either for white or for green spears, the latter method started to prevail in the world in the last years. The aim of the study was a comparison of yielding of white and green asparagus cv. ‘Ravel’ in the open field and in the PE tunnel. The weight, number and diameter of spears in the total, marketable and non-marketable yields in the first and second harvest year were assessed. Total and marketable yield of white asparagus was higher than that of green one, but the latter formed significantly more spears in the total and nonmarketable yield. The yield and number of spears obtained in the tunnel was significantly higher than with no cover. Marketable spears constituted on average 77.8% of yield weight and 63.0% of the total number of spears and the values for both cultivation methods were similar. Mean weight and diameter of white spears were higher than those of the green ones.
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