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The succession of periphyton developing on artificial substrate immersed in a polysaprobic wastewater reservoir was studied during a two-year period. Three stages in the periphyton development: initial, inter­mediate and mature, were observed. The initial stage was characterized by domination of euglenophytes; Carchesium polypinum was dominant during the intermediate stage, while diatoms and chrysophyceans dominated the mature stage. However, the most characteristic component of periphyton consisted of de­tritus that contributed more than 50% (by volume). The periphyton development dynamics in the second year of the experiment, when that formation was already firmly established on the polyethylene sheets, was quantitatively similar to the process of periphyton development in the first year of substrate exposure.
Floodplains are lateral river extensions in which lotic, semi-lotic and lentic habitats are formed resulting in high habitat heterogeniety. Consequently biota development is highely influenced by its location within the floodplain and by the hydrological cycle. In the present paper the development of planktonic and biofilm bacteria associated with artificial substrates were investigated in the floodplain lake of the Danube River (Lake Sakadaš, Croatia) during different hydrological situations. The aim of the study was to investigate if there was any difference in the bacterial development between two compartments – plankton and biofilm, and how the floods influence these communities. The samples were taken monthly (July–November 2007) from surface and bottom water layer (plankton) and exposed glass slides (biofilm) at two sampling stations. For these purposes bacterial abundance was estimated by the determination of number of colony forming units (CFUs). The development of bacterioplankton was equal between the sites and had its maximum at the time of falling water after the flood pulse. Bacterioplankton abundance correlated significantly with water properties, and it had predictable dynamics comparable with the previous results established in the same floodplain area (Kopački Rit). The development of biofilm bacteria differed between the sites, and had its maximum prior to the flood pulse, or during the flood. The abundance of attached bacteria correlated with biofilm biomass while it was not significantly correlated with the water properties. Such results describe different development of planktonic and biofilm bacteria. Biofilm bacteria are more independent, compared to bacterioplankton, from the floodplain hydrology.
Periphyton colonisation on artificial substrate (microscopic glass slides) was investigated from July to November 2007, in Lake Sakadaš (Danube River floodplain Kopački rit, Croatia). Two different stations were chosen due to different post – flood conditions. The aim of the study was to follow temporal changes of nematode community composition and trophic structure in relation to periphyton biomass and bacterial abundance. In bryozoan – dominated periphyton (Plumatella emarginata Allman, 1844) nematodes were represented by 86 and 87% of total associated invertebrate fauna at S1 and S2 respectively. Total nematode abundance (up to 600 ind. 10 cm-2 at one station and up to 1130 ind. 10 cm-2 at another station) correlated significantly with the abundance (meaured as CFUs – colony forming units) of copiotrophic and oligotrophic bacteria at one station (r = 0.963, 0.998, P <0.05) and with organic and inorganic content of periphyton at another station (r = 0.891, 0.899, P <0.05). Nematode trophic groups (epistrate feeders, chewers, detritus feeders and suction feeders) were equally developed at both stations except detritus feeders whose species richness and abundance were significantly higher at the S1. Epistrate feeders were the most abundant trophic group in nematode assemblages at both stations with Chromadorina bioculata being the dominant species. Change in dominance of epistrate feeders by chewers (Brevitobrilus stefanskii) and suction feeders (Crocodorylaimus sp.) coincided with the occurrence of flood pulse. Effect of flood pulse on nematode community structure was probably indirect, alterating concentration of dissolved oxygen which chromadorids are sensitive to. The structure of nematode community developed through time differs between investigated stations indicating high sensitivity to bacterial abundance, periphyton biomass and P. emarginata mats which made the habitat more diverse and patchy.
An experiment was performed in the Osokowy Staw oxbow lake (the Słupia River, northern Poland). The old riverbed was reconnected with the riverine system and periphyton communities on nylon artificial substrate were surveyed before and after engineering works. Then, ANN (Artificial Neural Network) architectures were designed and trained in order to create models of interactions between 18 macrozooperiphyton, microzooperiphyton and phytoperiphyton taxa in the changing ecosystem. Calculations were performed using StatSoft Software Statistica 6.1 with the implemented neural network module.Neural network models allowed a quantitative insight into periphyton dynamics and indicated trophic relationships, both predatoryprey and competitive. Thus, we see ANN as a good technique for modelling multidimensional, nonlinear relations between epiphytic organisms and as a promising method for creating overall models.
Periphytic organisms inhabiting biotic and artificial substrates in Polish lagoons, locally known as „coastal lakes” are little known. In the frames of an interdisciplinary studies on the revitalisation of eutrophicated Lake Kopan, a study on different ecological formations, including the periphyton formations inhabiting Phragmites australis (CAV.) TRIN. ex STEUD. and artificial stilon (Polish trade name of a nylon) substrates, was carried out in 1999. It was demonstrated, that the average concentration of periphytic algae on reed in Lake Kopan amounted to 104 000 cells m⁻², periphytic microfauna - 54 874 specimens m⁻²; and macrofauna - 1 598 specimens m⁻². The concentration of periphyton on the studied biotic substrate was considerably lower compared to the organisms growing on the artificial substrate (potato-bag fabric, stilon fabric, foil), which were placed in Lake Kopan. The periphytic formation will play a significant role in the revitalisation project of the lake, by purification and deeutrophication of the waters, and in creating an additional, abundant food base for extensive culture of the rainbow trout.
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