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The paper describes the basic principles of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the significance of its application in the wood processing businesses.
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Probiotics in gynaecology

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Probiotics are the bacterial strains living and reproducing in the gastrointestinal tract. They favorably influence human organism by maintaing the balance of intestinal microflora and vaginal biocenosis. Recently, the interest in probiotics bacteria has increased. They are used not only in prophylaxis, but also in treatment, especially in infectious diseases of gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts.
Sweeteners such as disaccharides, mannitol, lactitol, sorbitol, xylitol and many others are either purchased by consumers separately or they are added to highly processed food products. These substances can be used in pastry, cakes, beverages and dairy products. The aim of the study was to analyse the application of selected types of sweeteners by Polish consumers. The research was conducted in 2016 and the respondents were interviewed using questionnaires. Almost half (45%) of the respondents drew attention to sweeteners added to food products, especially beverages, sweets, yoghurts, juices, jams, marmalades and confections. Among the different types of food categories with added sweeteners, consumers enumerated primarily pastry products, processed fruit products, dairy and cereal products. The respondents declared that they used sweeteners because of a willingness to reduce the amount of sugar and this was connected with their health and well-being (35%). Moreover, consumers gave the reason for the use of sweeteners as being the less intense sweetness of these substances (13% of respondents) and the desire to lose weight (11% of respondents).
The aim of the study was to present the possibility of applying the AHP-LP method to assess the significance of strategic factors (strategic goals and tasks) influencing the socioeconomic development of the commune. The Commune of Chrzypsko Wielkie in the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship was used to illustrate the suggested approach. The study was based on the data from questionnaire surveys conducted among the councillors of the Commune of Chrzypsko Wielkie in 2012. The empirical studies proved the usefulness of the AHP-LP for assessment of the significance of strategic factors. The method enabled quantification of the significance of individual strategic factors. The most important aims in the Commune of Chrzypsko Wielkie include improvement of technical infrastructure, followed by development of the economy. The reduction of unemployment and modernisation of agriculture were the most important tasks. The suggested approach may be used in the process of making development strategies of administrative units.
The following toxic compounds were administered to the biotest with the application of the protozoan Spirostomum ambiguum as the test object: sodium cyanide, isopropylic methanophosphoric acid ester fluoride (sarin) and phosphoric acid 0-ethylo n-dimethyloamid ester cyanide (tabun). For the purpose of the LCS0 calculations, i.e. the concentrations of the sodium cyanide, sarin and tabun causing death in 50% of the tested Spirostomum ambiguum after an established period of test time, the Münch Reed method as well as as the B-splines, cubic splines and the Bezier curves were used. Calculations have also been made with regard to the average LCS0 concentrations of the analyzed compounds, the standard deviations and confidence intervals. The behavior of Spirostomum ambiguum was observed, establishing the time of death of two organisms. The measurement was carried out 21 times for each concentration and compound in three measuring cycles. On the basis of the data base from the biotest, the following have been proposed: the established LCso values, standard deviations and confidence intervals, the identification of an unknown toxic compound existing in water and determining the concentration of this compound. It has been concluded that Spirostomum ambiguum satisfies the requirements imposed on test animals for the purpose of bioanalysis of sodium cyanide, sarin and tabun.
Statistical relationships between the quantum yield of photosynthesis Φ and selected environmental factors in the Baltic have been established on the basis of a large quantity of empirical data. The model formula is the product of the theoretical maximum quantum yield ΦMAX =0.125 atomC quantum−1 and five dimensionless factors fi taking values from 0 do 1: Φ = ΦMAXfa fΔ fc(Ca(0)) fc(PARinh) fE, t. To a sufficiently good approximation, each of these factors fi appears to be dependent on one or at most two environmental factors, such as temperature, underwater irradiance, surface concentration of chlorophyll a, absorption properties of phytoplankton and optical depth. These dependences have been determined for Baltic Case 2 waters. The quantum yield Φ, calculated from known values of these environmental factors, is then applicable in the model algorithm for the remote sensing of Baltic primary production. The statistical error of the approximate quantum yields Φ is 62%.
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