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Scanning microscopic analysis cell structure of 8 apple cultivars was carried out. For each variety, skin and flesh, cut and broken preparation was made to research microstructure of apple tissue. The results revealed differences in shape, cell size, thickness of cellular wall, distribution and size intracellular spaces and other fruit texture features of apple varieties tissue. In microscopic picture some varieties of apple were found. Some dependence between structure of apple tissue and sensory assessment of fruit was found too.
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Study of electrical resistance on apples

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In this work the dynamics of colour changes was examined in apple slices during convectional drying. The drying was carried out at a temperature of 60°C until 10% of moisture content was obtained. During drying, the colour of the tested apples was measured using the L*a*b* system. Three different apple varieties were used for tests (Ligol, Champion and Alwa). Each sample was divided into three parts – the first was dried without preliminary processing, the second was blanched in water at 98°C for 2 min, and the third was blanched in water (98°C, 2 min) with sugar and citric acid added. Based on the results obtained, the rate of changes in all colour parameters during the process was determined. It was concluded that the dynamics of colour changes depends on the variety. The type of preliminary treatment had an influence on the dynamics of colour changes mainly in the case of Ligol variety.
In our study, by simulating the model of an apple producing firm, we investigated how the availability of postharvest establishments influences the economic efficiency of production. The results of our analysis highlighted the fact that by possessing cold storage and introducing an extended selling period, a producing enterprise may make higher profits (NPV) of 40 to 50% during the lifetime of the investment than if without such postharvest mechanisms. In the investigated case, however, because of the huge capital requirement at the beginning, the internal rate of return (IRR) was somewhat unfavourable. However, in the case of own, ready and running postharvest establishments, better investment economic efficiency parameters (from 40 – 120 %) may be reached. Thus the capital need for investment is much lower for the producing enterprise, but the price advantage of the extended selling period remains.
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