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The aim of this research was to obtain a combined recombinant protein consisting of immunodominant regions of Brucella outer membrane proteins (Omps) with the molecular weights of 25 kDa (Omp25) and 31 kDa (Omp31). The search for candidate proteins was carried out using NCBI PubMed and NCBI GenBank databases. The two most immunodominant regions of Omps were selected. The first region was in a position from 48 to 83 amino acids of Omp31, while the second one was in the position from 180 to 224 amino acids of Omp25. This combined sequence was designated as OmpBm-Ba. The pET32 vector was used for cloning and the expression of the combined recombinant protein in E. coli BL21(DE3). The antigenicity of recombinant OmpBm-Ba (rOmpBm-Ba) as compared with rOmp25 and rOmp31 has been tested on the sera of 109 cattle with positive results to brucellosis according to classical serological tests. The rOmpBm-Ba had a higher antigenicity than the single ones, since it confirmed the presence of Brucella-antibody in all serum samples with positive results of i-ELISA/rOmp25 and/or i-ELISA/rOmp31, as well as additionally revealing 7.3% and 31.2% seropositive animals, respectively. A comparative study of the diagnostic value of i-ELISA/rOmpBm-Ba and conventional tests on blood sera of 24 cattle subjected to a bacteriological examination at slaughter showed a higher reliability of enzyme immunoassay. Further research is necessary to get a more objective evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of Brucella rOmpBm-Ba by challenging laboratory animals.
VPS33B, a human Vacuolar Protein Sorting (VPS) protein which mediates the phagolysosomal fusion in macrophage of the eukaryotic organisms. This protein has a great role during the mycobacterial infections, which binds with the Mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase A (PtpA). A single functional domain of PtpA has been identified using SMART domain databases, followed by finding the antigenicity of PtpA using CLC main workbench tool. The protein-protein interaction network predicts the interface of biological functions of proteins, built by using Cytoscape 2.8.3 version tool for manual literature survey of protein sets. According to the literature the specific interactivity of PtpA with VPS33B of human lead to pathogenesis, and provided a good platform to find the structure of VPS33B as it lacks the 3 dimensional structure in PDB. Homology Modelling of VPS33B provides a significant properties to design a specific drug through screening the drug databases (eDrug3D). The modelled protein has been validated through SAVES server maintained by NIH and UCLA with the standard Ramachandran plot with accuracy of 90.7 %. From our findings the interface residues are very crucial points which has been found through docking the modelled protein and Mycobacterium protein and interface residues were selected manually using PyMol software.
Application of streptokinase (SK) as a common and cost-effective thrombolytic drug is limited by its antigenicity and undesired hemorrhagic effects. Prior structural/functional and epitope-mapping studies on SK suggested that removal of 59 N-terminal residues led to its fibrin dependency and identified SK antigenic regions, respectively. Following in silico analyses two truncated SK proteins were designed and compared for their fibrin specificity and antigenicity with the full-length SK. Computer-based modeling was used to predict the effect of vector (pET41a)-born protein tags on the conformation of SK fragments. SK60-386, SK143-386 and full-length SK (1–414) were separately cloned, expressed in BL21 E. coli cells and confirmed by Western-blotting. Functional activity of the purified proteins was evaluated with chromogenic and clot lysis assays and their antigenicity was tested by ELISA assay using rabbit anti-streptokinase antibody. As expected, chromogenic bioassay showed a major activity decline for SK60-386 and SK143-386 (83 and 91 percent, respectively), compared to SK1-414. However, in clot lysis assay, which is a fibrin-dependent pharmacopoeia-approved test, SK60-386 and SK143-386 were respectively 35 and 31 percent more active though lysed the clots slower than full-length SK. Antigenic analysis also indicated significant decrease in ELISA signals obtained for truncated proteins compared to SK1-414 (45 and 28 percent less reactivity for SK143-386 and SK60-386, respectively, p < 0.0001). The results of this study for the first time pointed to SK143-386 and SK60-386, as improved SK derivatives with increased fibrin-selectivity and decreased antigenicity as well as acceptable bioactivity profiles in a pharmacopoeia-based analysis, which deserve more detailed pharmacological studies.
During the 1950s, linear and multichain poly-a-amino acids were synthesized by polymerization of the corresponding N-carboxy-amino acid anhydrides in solution in the presence of suitable catalysts. The resulting homo- and heteropolymers have since been widely employed as simple protein models. Under appropriate conditions, poly-a-amino acids, in the solid state and in solution, were found to acquire conformations of an a-helix and of (^-parallel and antiparallel pleated sheets, or to exist as random coils. Their use in experimental and theoretical investigations of helix-coil transitions helped to shed new light on the mechanisms involved in protein denaturation. Poly-a-amino acids played an important role in the deciphering of the genetic code. In addition, analysis of the antigenicity of poly-a-amino acids led to the elucidation of the factors determining the antigenicity of proteins and peptides. Interest in the biological and physicochemical characteristics of poly-a-amino acids was recently renewed because of the reported novel findings that some copolymers of amino acids are effective as drugs in multiple sclerosis, and that glutamine repeats and reiteration of other amino acids occur in inherited neurodegenerative diseases. The presence of repeating sequences of amino acids in proteins, and of nucleotides in DNA, raises many interesting questions about their respective roles in determining protein structure and function, and gene performance and regulation.
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