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Adult New-Zealand rabbits were vaccinated subcutaneously with three doses of 100 µg of immunocomplexes formed by serum immunoglobulins of rabbits vaccinated with infective larvae somatic extracts (L3SE) and adult nematode phosphate buffered saline- soluble proteins (ASE, group II) or L3SE (group I). Injections of the immunogens were accompanied with beryllium hydroxide, Be(OH)₂ as an adjuvant. Vaccinated rabbits and also those of group III were infected orally with 10,000 infective larvae of T. colubriformis 14 days after antigen injection and necropsied in groups of four on day 4, 8 and 21 after challenge (DACh). Worm burdens found in vaccinated rabbits were significantly lower than in group III only on day 4 (groups I and II) and 8 (group II) after challenge. The degree of protection oscillated at that time between 47-59%. Mesenteric lymph node leukocyte responses were measured using a leukocyte migration inhibition assay. The most significant MLN leukocyte response occurred in all groups on 21 DACh. However, in group II a marked leukocyte reaction started already on 4 DACh. In ELISA tests IgA antibodies specific to ASE reached the highest level in the bile and serum of group II. The mucosal IgG response was the highest in group I until 8 DACh but in group II and III on 21 DACh.
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS- PAGE) of excretory/secretory products T. canis infective larvae revealed 15 protein fractions, within a molecular weight range from 19 to 200 kD. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining revealed 9 glycoproteins, with molecular weight 19-55 and 130 kD. Almost all the polypeptides were recognized by infection sera from patients with toxocarosis, on Western blot analysis, indicating that all to a greater or lesser extent induce antibody responses. Specific IgM antibodies in the sera of some patients with toxocarosis were also detected by the same method. The specifity of these protein components was tested using sera of patients with trichinellosis or patients infected with Ascaris lumbricoides. Cross-reacion in sera diluted 1:50 were observed in 20% of all the patients but in sera diluted 1:100 only in 2 cases of trichinellosis (out of 25). No cross-reacions were seen with polypeptides of molecular weight lower than 39kD, which suggests that these are specific to T. canis.
The goal of the studies was to evaluate the protective value of vaccines against pasteurellosis in rabbits. The vaccines comprised antigens to serotypes 3 and 12 of Pasteurella multocida with two different adjuvants: emulsigen and aluminium hydroxide gel. The two vaccines given subcutaneusly either once or twice at a dose of 1 ml protected rabbits markedly against intranasal infection with the virulent strains of examined serotypes. A substantial efficacy of these vaccines was supported by the occurrence of specific precipitins against somatic antigens of serotypes 3 and 12 present in the sera of immunised rabbits even 5 weeks after vaccination
The present study has examined the level of total IgA and antigen-specific IgA antibodies in serum and bile in various inbred strains of mice infected with Trichinella spiralis. These strains of mice differ in the speed at which they expel the adult worms from the gut. BALB/c and CBA mice expel adult worms faster than C3H and C57BL/6 mice. However, the CBA strain of mice is more resistant to the establishment of an initial infection of T. spiralis than BALB/c mice. While total serum IgA and bile sIgA concentrations correlated with the time course of the expulsion of adult worms, there was no similar correlation between IgA concentrations and the intensity of T. spiralis infection during the muscle phases of infection in any of the strains of mice investigated. Specific IgA antibodies in sera and sIgA antibodies in bile were measured by ELISA in C57BL/6 mice using crude somatic L1 muscle larvae (AgL1) and crude adult worm (AgAd) antigens. A pronounced increase in sIgA antibodies to AgL1 antigen was found by day 9 of infection in bile. However, a gradual increase in IgA in serum to AgAd antigen was observed from 6 till 24 DAI. Specific IgA response in serum to AgAd was much higher than to AgL1 and, in contrast the sIgA response in bile, was more pronounced to AgL1 than to AgAd. This result suggests that bile may also provide a valuable source of sIgA.
Three mutants of Yersinia enterocolitica O:3, namely: YeO3-R1, YeO3-RfbR7 and YeO3-c-trs8-R were classified on the basis of sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE) profile of isolated lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as belonging to the Ra- (the first) and the Rc-type (the other two mutants). Methylation analysis, in addition to 13C and 1H NMR studies of purified core oligosaccharides revealed structures similar to those established previously for the full core of Y. enterocolitica O:3 in the case of the Ra mutant, and identical to that reported for the Rc mutant Ye75R, in the case of the two other mutants. The O-specific sugar, 6d-l-altrose, which forms a homopolymeric O-chain, was present in small amounts in all three LPS preparations, as well as in the core oligosaccharide preparations along with the Ra and the Rc sugars, characteristic of the Y. enterocolitica O:3 core. This result is in line with genetic data, indicating that it is the inner core region which is the receptor for the O-specific chain in Y. enterocolitica O:3. This region seems likewise to be the anchoring region for the enterobacterial common antigen (ECA), as shown by SDS/PAGE/Western blot analysis with monoclonal antibodies against ECA. In addition, we also demonstrated that the Ye75R mutant Rc and its parental strain Ye75S, both were ECA-immunogenic strains. So far, ECA-immunogenic strains, i.e. those with LPS-linked ECA, were only identified in E. coli mutants of the R1, R4 and K-12 serotype.
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