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This paper presents a new approach to air pollution determined through the use of elemental analysis of the annual tree rings (ATRs) of Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.). For this aim, every annual ring width was measured on the cross-section wheels of Turkish red pine supplied from ten research points around the Kemerköy (Gökova) thermal power plant (KTPP). The fly ash collected from the surfaces of the needles and the annual growth ring of Turkish red pine in the polluted points were investigated by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The elemental analysis of the annual rings were performed considering the fly ash elemental composition because the main pollutant source was the fly ash emitted from KTPP chimney smoke. With EDS analyses, some elements such as Al, Si, Mg, K, Fe, Ca, S, Zn, Ti, and Nb were determined in the fly ash. These elements accumulated in ATRs from the KTPP fly ash. They not only accumulated in annual rings formed after KTPP began operation but also accumulated in ATRs formed before KTPP started. It was confirmed that these elements accumulated in the annual rings affected by KTPP much more than the control ATRs. This paper proved that SEM-EDS, a new approach/analytical method to air pollution determination through ATRs, has been successfully applied to dendro-chemical elemental analysis of annual tree rings.
Wood macrostructure of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) coming from an experimental site in the Siemianice Forest Experimental Station. The paper presents results of studies concerning the effect of provenance on the share of latewood in annual rings. Analyses were conducted on seven provenances grown on an experimental site located in the Siemianice Forest Experimental Station. It was established which of the investigated provenances have the greatest share of latewood in annual rings. It was also investigated which of the provenances differ significantly in terms of the analysed trait. Measurements were taken on discs collected from breast height of mean sample trees.
This work presents biological information for polar cod (Boreogadus saida) collected with a Campelen 1800 shrimp bottom trawl in Kongsfjorden (two stations located in the inner part of the fjord adjacent to the glacier) and Rijpfjorden (one station at the entrance to the fjord) in September and October 2013. The otolith-based ages of polar cod collected in Kongsfjorden (6.1–24 cm total length TL; n = 813) ranged from 0 to 4 years. The growth rate was relatively constant at approximately 4.7 cm year−1 between years 1 and 4, which indicates that growth was fast in the glacier area. The ages of polar cod collected in Rijpfjorden (8.6–15.9 cm TL; n = 64) ranged from 2 to 3 years. The fish from Rijpfjorden were smaller at age than those from Kongsfjorden, and their growth rate between years 2 and 3 (no other age classes were available) was approximately 3.3 cm year−1. In both fjords, males and females were of the same size-at-age and the same weight-at-TL. The small sampling area means that the results on growth rate are not representative of the entire fjords. Instead, the results can be discussed as presenting the possible growth rates of some populations. A strong relationship was identified between otolith size (length and weight) and fish size (TL and TW), with no differences between males and females or the fjords. A significant, strong relationship was also noted between fish and otolith growth rates.
The paper presents results of measurements for tracheid lengths in annual growth rings in spruce wood classified as resonant wood. Annual rings came from the mature wood zone. Moreover, cellulose microfibril angle (MFA) was determined in the S2 layer of the secondary cell wall. This parameter was measured in tangential tracheid walls. Mean values of both tracheid lengths and MFA in the experimental annual growth rings showed slight fluctuations and the relationship of these values was described using a linear function.
The paper presents results of measurements for annual ring widths in reaction, opposite and lateral wood formed in the same vegetation periods in pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). In the compared wood tissues tracheid lengths was also measured. The widest annual rings were found in the reaction wood zone. In that area of the stem cross-section tracheids were by approx. 20% shorter than those located on the opposite side of the pith.
Über die Jahrringbreite der Bäume nach: Harsdörffer 1651, Hill 1770, Erxleben 1787, v. Wernecke 1791, Hill 1770,Jester 1815, Schübler und Neuffer 1830, Nördlinger 1860. In der Arbeit wurde ausführlich die deutsche Fachliteratur aus dem 17. bis ins 19.Jh zitiert, in der das Thema Jahrringbreite besprochen wird.
Von den organischen Körpern, ihrer Ernährung, ihrem Wachsthum und den Holzringen (Nach Hirsch 1762, v. Werneck 1791, Jester 1815, Kollmann 1961, Lexikon der Technik 196). Im Artikel wird ein kurzer Überblick über die Ansichten verschiedener Autoren zwischen 1762 und 1967 zu Ernährung, Wachstum und Jahresringen des Holzes gegeben.
The effect of the annual growth and the late wood share upon density of the Polish pine wood as a function of its origin. In the paper the variations of density of Polish pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in a function of the late wood share in the annual growth with regard to the wood origin are presented. The measurement of density of wood was performed by using the stereometric method described in the works by Krzysik. This method consists in measurements the volume of the sample by determination of the various dimensions (length, width, height), and weighting of the sample mass. Nevertheless, measurements of the late wood share in the annual growth had been carried out according to own methodology which based on the classical method described in the work by Krzysik. The comparison was made for pine from natural forests derived from four different regions of Poland. The effect of the share of the late wood on the density Polish pine wood is observed. However, Pearson‘s r correlation coefficient values depend strongly on the examined wood origins.
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