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The studies were carried out on 40 female Pharaoh quails. In the fifth week of age, the quails were weighed and randomly assigned to 5 feeding groups. In the group I, control, the females were fed on standard feed formed for adult quail feeding. The experimental groups II and III received the standard mixture with oligosaccharides added, which had been extracted from pea seed, in the quantities and duration, respectively: 0.4 g · kg-1 of mixture for 3 weeks, 0.4 g · kg-1 for the entire period of the experiment, i.e. 4 months. In the groups IV and V, the addition of oligosaccharides was 3 g per kg of feed, with the group IV fed this way for 3 weeks and the group V for 4 months.
The aim of the article is to give an insight to the problems of the Hungarian organic farming and to highlight the areas which should be developing in order to improve the domestic market and access more export market. This article presents the results of two surveys. Questionnaires were sent to the Hungarian organic farmers. The questions in the questionnaires differed from each other since the aims of the surveys varied. The answers received and the information gathered served as a good basis for the analyses of the state of the sector and the factors which impede competitiveness. No obvious relation can be found between the increase of stakeholders integrated in the supply chain and the extent of the farmers’ share from the profit on products. In organic animal keeping, long-term relations are characteristic, which rarely work without problems. According to the farmers’ opinion, the most important hindering factors of production are the lack of solvent demand and adequate promotion activities, also underpinned by the two empirical surveys.
It is common knowledge that fish are a nutritious component of a human diet, as they constitute a valuable and desired source of protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, they are likely to pose a risk to consumer health. The presence of pathogenic bacteria or their toxins, parasites, biogenic amines and toxins or chemical residues may be a causal agent of foodborne illnesses in humans, sometimes even with fatal effect. Usually, infections are a result of insufficient thermal treatment or consumption of raw fish dishes. There are also risk factors that cannot be eliminated by such treatments as cooking, salting or freezing.
The objective of the study was to determine the roasting-induced changes in texture, muscle fibre microstructure, and cooking losses for the bovine m.semitendinosus (ST) muscle. The muscle slices were roasted at 170°C until they reached the internal temperatures of 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 95°C. The texture profile analysis of the samples was carried out using a texture analyser. The changes in microstructure were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and by measuring the length of sarcomeres and diameter of muscle fibres. The cooking losses were calculated by difference between the sample masses before and after roasting. Roasting was found to have a significant effect on the analysed texture parameters. The values for hardness and chewiness increased with internal temperature of the meat, whereas those for springiness, cohesiveness and resilience decreased above the temperature of the muscle collagen shrinkage. The length of sarcomeres did not change up to the meat internal temperature of 50°C and then decreased with temperature. The fibre diameter decreased in meat roasted to 60°C and remained stable after heating to the higher internal temperatures. The cooking losses increased with temperature. The largest increases in the losses occurred in the range of 50 to 60°C and 60 to 70°C.
Single plant supplements were added to the ration fed to Ross 308 broiler cockerels. The chickens were held in four feeding groups until their 42 days of age. The birds of all the groups were fed on the same standard mixes. Group I represented the control group which received mixes without the supplement. The birds of group II received a feed supplement of 1% dried fine echinacea herb (Echinacea purpurea), group III received 0.3% of crushed raw garlic (Allium sativum). The chickens in group IV were twice a week provided with raw ginger (Zingiber officinale) water extract (5.5 g·cm-3) to drink. Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of breast muscle were analysed while fresh as well as on 4-month storage at –18°C
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